Lithothamnion glaciale Kjellman

Arisaig, Scotland. Natura 2000 Special Area of Conservation; maerl form; 10 m depth;. Jason Hall-Spenser. © Jason Hall-Spenser.

Newfoundland; subtidal rhodolith 92 mm across. Michael Guiry. © Michael Guiry (mike.guiry@nuigalway.ie).

Lithothamnion glaciale Kjellman Newfoundland; subtidal rhodolith 92 mm across

Publication details
Lithothamnion glaciale Kjellman 1883: 123, pls 2, 3

Original publication: Kjellman, F.R. (1883). Norra Ishafvets algflora. Vega-expeditionens Vetenskapliga Iakttagelser 3: 1-431, 4 tables, pls 1-31.
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Type species
The type species (holotype) of the genus Lithothamnion is Lithothamnion muelleri Lenormand ex Rosanoff.

Status of name
This name is of an entity that is currently accepted taxonomically.

Origin of species name
Adjective B icy, frozen, or glacial; also meaning, growing in icy-cold regions.

Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Lithothamnion colliculosum Foslie 1891
Lithothamnion roseum Batters 1893
Lithothamnion colliculosum f. densum Foslie 1895
Lithothamnion flabellatum f. granii Foslie 1895
Lithothamnion battersii Foslie 1896
Lithothamnion granii (Foslie) Foslie 1905
Lithothamnion glaciale f. pusillum Foslie 1905
Lithothamnion glaciale var. colliculosum (Foslie) Rosenvinge 1917
Lithothamnion glaciale var. grani (Foslie) Rosenvinge 1917
Lithothamnion glaciale f. colliculosum (Foslie) Rosenvinge ex Suneson 1943
Lithothamnion glaciale f. grani (Foslie) Rosenvinge 1943

General environment
This is a marine species.

Description
Bright pink to purplish, minutely white-speckled calcareous crust, becoming very thick, usually with abundant regular or irregular branches, free or attached to substratum

Habitat
On rock, pebbles, shells or free-living, lower intertidal (north-east coasts) and subtidal to deeper waters, abundant in Scotland, rarer and deeper on western coasts of British Isles.

Type information
Type locality: Norwegian Sea, Greenland Sea, Barents Sea, Baffinsbay, American Arctic Ocean (Silva 1996-to date).

Detailed distribution with sources
(as Lithothamnion glaciale Kjellman)
Arctic: Canada (Arctic) (Lee 1980), Svalbard (Teichert et al. 2012).

Ireland: Antrim (Morton & Chamberlain 1985, Morton 1994), Derry (Morton & Chamberlain 1985, Morton 1994), Donegal (Morton 2003), Down (Guiry 1978, Morton & Chamberlain 1985, Morton 1994, Irvine & Chamberlain 1994), Galway (Irvine & Chamberlain 1994).

Europe: Baltic Sea (Nielsen et al. 1995), Britain (Newton 1931, Irvine & Chamberlain 1994, Hardy & Guiry 2003, Kamenos & Law 2010), Faroe Islands (Irvine 1982, Nielsen & Gunnarsson 2001), France (Dizerbo & Herpe 2007, Anon. 2012), Ireland (Guiry 1978, Morton 1994, Irvine & Chamberlain 1994, Blake & Maggs 2003, Guiry 2012), Norway (Rueness 1997), Scandinavia (Athanasiadis 1996), Spitsbergen (Vinogradova 1995).

Atlantic Islands: E. Greenland (Lund 1959, Pedersen 1976), Greenland (Pedersen 2011), Iceland (Caram & Jónsson 1972).

North America: Alaska (Lindstrom 1977), Maine (Mathieson et al. 2001), New Hampshire (Mathieson & Hehre 1986), Newfoundland (Gagnon et al. 2012).

Western Atlantic: Trop. & Subtrop. W. Atlantic (Wynne 2011).

Asia: Japan (Yoshida, Nakajima & Nakata 1990, Yoshida 1998).

Australia and New Zealand: Queensland (Lewis 1984 ).

(as Lithothamnion colliculosum Foslie)
Ireland: Antrim (Adams 1907), Galway (Anonymous 1898).

Europe: Britain (Newton 1931), Ireland (Adams 1907, Newton 1931), Sweden (Kylin 1907, Kylin 1944).

(as Lithothamnion battersii Foslie)
Europe: Britain (Newton 1931).

(as Lithothamnion granii (Foslie) Foslie)
Europe: France (Feldmann 1954), Spain (Gómez-Menor Robles & Fuertes Lasala 1982), Sweden (Kylin 1907, Kylin 1944).

Key references
Adey, W.H., Chamberlain, Y.M. & Irvine, L.M. (2005). An SEM-based analysis of the morphology, anatomy and reproduction of Lithothamnion tophiforme (Esper) Unger (Corallinales, Rhodophyta), with a comparative study of associated North Atlantic Arctic/Subarctic Melobesioideae. Journal of Phycology 41: 1010-1024.

Blake, C. & Maggs, C.A. (2003). Comparative growth rates and internal banding periodicity of maerl species (Corallinales, Rhodophyta) from northern Europe. Phycologia 42: 606-612.

Gagnon, P., Matheson, K & Stapleton, M. (2012). Variation in rhodolith morphology and biogenic potential of newly discovered rhodolith beds in Newfoundland and Labrador (Canada). Botanica Marina 55(1): 85-99.

Kjellman, F.R. (1883). The algae of the Arctic Sea. A survey of the species, together with an exposition of the general characters and the development of the flora. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar 20(5): 1-351, 31 plates.

Pedersen, P.M. (2011). Grønlands havalger. pp. [1] 7-208. Copenhagen: Forlaget Epsilon.DK.