Laminaria digitata (Hudson) J.V. Lamouroux

Classification:
Empire Eukaryota
Kingdom Chromista
Subkingdom Chromobiota
Infrakingdom Heterokonta
Phylum Heterokontophyta
Class Phaeophyceae
Order Laminariales
Family Laminariaceae
Genus Laminaria

Pictures:

click on thumbnail for larger version.

AlgaeBase image on the cover of Physiologia plantarum. 26 Mar 2009. M.D. Guiry.

Spiddal, Co. Galway, Ireland; in beds at MLWS; 10.5-mm lens. 30 Sep 2007. M.D. Guiry.

Spiddal, Co. Galway, Ireland; beds at MLWS; 10.5-mm lens. 30 Sep 2007. M.D. Guiry.

Spiddal, Co. Galway, Ireland; beds at MLWS. 30 Sep 2007. M.D. Guiry.

Spiddal, Co. Galway, Ireland; beds at MLWS; 10.5-mm lens. 30 Sep 2007. M.D. Guiry.

Spiddal, Co. Galway, Ireland; beds at MLWS. 30 Sep 2007. M.D. Guiry.

Spiddal, Co. Galway, Ireland; zoosporangial sori on frond. 30 Sep 2007. M.D. Guiry.

Spiddal, Co. Galway, Ireland; meristem. 30 Sep 2007. M.D. Guiry.

Spiddal, Co. Galway, Ireland; beds at MLWS. 30 Sep 2007. M.D. Guiry.

Spiddal, Co. Galway, Ireland; beds at low water. 30 Sep 2007. M.D. Guiry.

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Publication details
Laminaria digitata (Hudson) J.V. Lamouroux 1813: 42

Original publication: Lamouroux, J.V.F. (1813). Essai sur les genres de la famille des thalassiophytes non articulées. Annales du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 20: 21-47, 115-139, 267-293, Plates 7-13.
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Type species
This is the type species (lectotype) of the genus Laminaria.

Status of name
This is regarded as a current name.

Basionym
Fucus digitatus Hudson

Type information
Type locality: England (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996: 904).

Origin of species name
Adjective (Latin), digitate, with leaflets radiating from tip of leaf-stalk (Stearn 1973).

General environment
This is a Marine species.

Common names

(as Laminaria digitata (Hudson) J.V. Lamouroux)
English: Tangle (Dickinson 1963).

Common names used in commerce, often for edible algae
red-ware {Eng}; sea-girdles {Eng}; sea-wand {Eng}; sea-ware {Eng}; seaweed {Eng}; seastaff {Eng}; oarweed {Eng}; laminaire digitTe {Fr}

Detailed distribution with sources
(as Fucus digitatus Hudson)
Ireland: Dublin (Anonymous 1818), Wexford (Tighe 1803).

Europe: Ireland (Tighe 1803, Anonymous 1818).

(as Laminaria digitata (Hudson) J.V. Lamouroux)
Arctic: Canada (Arctic) (Taylor 1957, Lee 1980).

Ireland: Antrim (Drummond 1837, Dickie 1871, Adams 1907, Guiry 1978, Morton 1994), Clare (Pybus 1977, Guiry 1978, De Valéra et al. 1979), Cork (Cullinane 1971, Cullinane, McCarthy & Fletcher 1975, Guiry 1978), Derry (Morton 1994), Donegal (Guiry 1978, Morton 2003), Down (Morton 1974, Guiry 1978, Morton 1994), Dublin (Sanders 1860, Guiry 1978), Galway (Foslie 1899, Guiry 1978), Kerry (Guiry 1978, Whelan & Cullinane 1985), Limerick (Cullinane 1969, Guiry 1978), Louth (Synnott 1969, Guiry 1978), Mayo (Guiry 1978), Sligo (Cullinane 1970, Guiry 1978), Waterford (Guiry 1978, Guiry 1978), Wexford (Cotton 1913, Parkes & Scannell 1969, Norton 1970, Guiry 1978), Wicklow (Guiry 1978).

Europe: Baltic Sea (Nielsen et al. 1995), Britain (Newton 1931, Hardy & Guiry 2003), Denmark (Larsen & Sand-Jensen 2006), E. Greenland (Lund 1959, Pedersen 1976), Faroes (Irvine 1982, Nielsen & Gunnarsson 2001), France (Feldmann 1954, Coppejans 1995, Roeder et al 2005, Connan et al 2006, Pearson et al 2006, Dizerbo & Herpe 2007, Loiseaux-de Goër & Noailles 2008), Helgoland (Bartsch & Kuhlenkamp 2000), Iceland (Caram & Jónsson 1972), Ireland (Adams 1907, Cotton 1912, Cotton 1913, Cullinane 1969, Cullinane 1971, Pybus 1977, Guiry 1978, De Valéra et al. 1979, Whelan & Cullinane 1985, Morton 1994), Netherlands (Stegenga & Mol 1983), Norway (Rueness 1997), Romania (Caraus 2002), Scandinavia (Athanasiadis 1996), Spain (Miranda 1931), Spitsbergen (Vinogradova 1995), Sweden (Kylin 1947).

Atlantic Islands: Canary Islands (Price, John & Lawson 1978).

North America: Connecticut (Taylor 1957), Maine (Mathieson et al. 2001), Massachusetts (Taylor 1957), New Brunswick (Lane et al. 2006), New Hampshire (Mathieson & Hehre 1986), New York (Taylor 1957), Nova Scotia (Schmidt & Scheibling 2006), Quebec (Taylor 1957).

(as Laminaria stenophylla (Harvey) J. Agardh)
North America: Maine (Taylor 1957), Massachusetts (Taylor 1957), Newfoundland (Taylor 1957).

(as Laminaria digitata var. ensifolia (Kützing) J. Agardh)
Europe: Britain (Newton 1931).

Africa: Namibia (Rull Lluch 2002).

(as Laminaria digitata var. stenophylla (Harvey) Kleen)
Ireland: Mayo (Cotton 1912).

Europe: Britain (Newton 1931), Ireland (Cotton 1912, Newton 1931).

(as Laminaria digitata f. complanata Kjellman)
North America: Maine (Taylor 1957), Massachusetts (Taylor 1957).

(as Laminaria digitata f. ensifolia (Le Jolis) Kjellman)
North America: Maine (Taylor 1957), New York (Taylor 1957).

Africa: South Africa (Price, John & Lawson 1978).

(as Laminaria intermedia Foslie)
North America: Connecticut (Taylor 1957), Massachusetts (Taylor 1957).

(as Laminaria intermedia f. cucullata (Le Jolis) Foslie)
North America: Maine (Taylor 1957).

(as Laminaria intermedia f. longipes Foslie)
North America: New Hampshire (Taylor 1957).

(as Laminaria intermedia f. ovata (Le Jolis) Foslie)
North America: Connecticut (Taylor 1957).

(as Laminaria digitata var. valida (Foslie) Kjellman)
Ireland: Mayo (Cotton 1912).

Europe: Britain (Newton 1931), Ireland (Cotton 1912).

Key references
Braune, W. (2008). Meeresalgen. Ein Farbbildführer zu den verbreiteten benthischen Grün- Braun- und Rotalgen der Weltmeere. pp. [1]-596, 266 pls. Ruggell: A.R.G. Gantner Verlag.

Connan, S., Delisle, F., Deslandes, E. & Gall, E.A. (2006). Intra-thallus phlorotannin content and antioxidant activity in Phaeophyceae of temperate waters. Botanica Marina 49: 39-46.

Dieck, I. tom & Oliveira Filho, E.C. de (1993). The section Digitatae of the genus Laminaria (Phaeophyta) in the northern and southern Atlantic: crossing experiments and temperature response. Marine Biology, Berlin 115: 151-160.

Lane, C.E. & Saunders, G.W. (2005). Molecular investigation reveals epi/endophytic extrageneric kelp (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae) gametophytes colonizing Lessoniopsis littoralis thalli. Botanica Marina 48: 426-436.

Lane, C.E., Mayes, C., Druehl, L.D. & Saunders, G.W. (2006). A multi-gene molecular investigation of the kelp (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae) supports substantial taxonomic re-organization. Journal of Phycology 42: 493-512.

Loiseaux-de Goër, S. & Noailles, M.-C. (2008). Algues de Roscoff. pp. [1]-215, col. figs. Roscoff: Editions de la Station Biologique de Roscoff.

McHugh, D.J. (2003). A guide to the seaweed industry. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 441: x + 105, 64 figs.

Roeder, V., Collén, J., Rousvoal, S., Corre, E., Leblanc, C. & Boyen, C. (2005). Identification of stress gene transcripts in Laminaria digitata (Phaeophyceae) protoplast cultures by expressed sequence tag analysis. Journal of Phycology 41: 1227-1235.

NCBI Nucleotide Sequences
As of 2 June 2009, nucleotide sequence data are available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Genbank for 3,279 samples identified as Laminaria digitata.

Created: 30 March 1996 by M.D. Guiry

Verified by: 17 August 2009 by M.D. Guiry

Accesses: This record has been accessed by users 25890 times since it was created.

References
(Please note: only references with the binomials in the title are included. The information is from the Literature database.)

Ar Gall, E., Küpper, F.C. & Kloareg, B. (2004). A survey of iodine content in Laminaria digitata. Botanica Marina 47: 30-37.
Asensi, A., Ar Gall, E., Marie, D., Billot, C., Dion, P. & Kloareg, B. (2001). Clonal propagation of Laminaria digitata (Phaeophyceae) sporophytes through a diploid cell-filament suspension. Journal of Phycology 37: 411-417.
Billot, C., Boury, S., Benet, H. & Kloareg, B. (1999). Development of RAPD markers for parentage analysis in Laminaria digitata. Botanica Marina 42: 307-314.
Billot, C., Engel, C.R., Rousvoal, S. & Kloareg, B. (2003). Current patterns, habitat discontinuities and population genetic structure: the case of the kelp Laminaria digitata in the English Channel. Marine Ecology Progress Series 253: 111-121.
Chapman, A., R. O. (1993). Hard data for matrix modelling of Laminaria digitata (Laminariales, Phaeophyta) populations. Proceedings of the International Seaweed Symposium 14: 263-267.
Conolly, N.J. & Drew, E.A. (1985). Physiology of Laminaria III. Effect of a coastal eutrophication gradient on seasonal patterns of growth and tissue composition in L. digitata Lamour. and L. saccharina (L.) Lamour.. Mar. Ecol. 6: 181-195.
Corre, S. & Prieur, D. (1990). Density and morphology of epiphytic bacteria on the kelp Laminaria digitata. Botanica Marina 33: 515-523.
Cosson, J. & Gayral, P. (1979). Optimal conditions for growth and fertility of Laminaria digitata (Phaeophyceae) Gametophytes. Proceedings of the International Seaweed Symposium 9: 59-65.
Cosson, J. (1972). Action de la temperature et de la lumière sur l'émission des spores de la Laminaria digitata (L.) Lamouroux (Phéophycée, Laminaliela). Compte Rendu Hebdomadaire des Séances de lAcadémie des Sciences. Paris. Série D 275: 2501-2504.
Cosson, J. (1973). Action de la température et de la lumière sur le développement du gamétophyte de la Laminaria digitata (L.) Lam. (Phéophycée, Laminariale). Compte Rendu Hebdomadaire des Séances de lAcadémie des Sciences. Paris. Série D 276: 973-976.
Cosson, J. (1973). Influence des conditions de culture sur le développement de Laminaria digitata (L.) Lam. (Phéophycées, Laminariales). Soc Phycol de France Bull No 18: 104-112.
Cosson, J. (1975). Action des conditions d'éclairement sur la croissance des gamétophytes de Laminaria digitata (L.) Lamouroux (Phéophycée, Laminariale). Soc Phycol de France Bull No 20: 50-54.
Cosson, J. (1976). Evolution de la fertilité des populations de Laminaria digitata (L.) Lamouroux (Phéophycée, Laminariale) au cours de l'année. Soc Phycol de France Bull No 21: 28-34.
Cosson, J. (1977). Action de la durée d'éclairement sur la morphogénèse des gamétophytes de Laminaria digitata (L.) Lam. (Phéophycée, Laminariale). Bulletin de la Société Phycologique de France 22: 19-26.
Cosson, J., Gayral, P. & Jacques, R. (1976). Action de la composition spectrale de la lumière sur la croissance et la reproduction des gamétophytes de la Laminaria digitata (L.) Lam (Phéophycée, Laminariale). Compte Rendu Hebdomadaire des Séances de lAcadémie des Sciences. Paris. Série D 283: 1293-1296.
Davidson, I.R. & Reed, R.H. (1984). The osmotic significance of seasonal changes in the internal solute content of Laminaria digitata. British Phycological Journal 19: 192.
Davison, I.R. & Reed, R.H. (1985). Osmotic adjustment in Laminaria digitata (Phaeophyta) with particular references to seasonal changes in internal solute concentrations. Journal of Phycology 21: 41-50.
Davison, I.R. & Reed, R.H. (1985). Osmotic adjustment in Laminaria digitata (Phaeophyta) with particular reference to seasonal changes in internal solute concentrations. Journal of Phycology 21: 41-50, 6 figs, 2 tables.
Davison, I.R. & Stewart, W.D.P. (1983). Seasonal variation of nitrate reductase activity in Laminaria digitata. British Phycological Journal 18: 201-202.
Floc'h, J.-Y. & Penot, M. (1976). Étude comparative du transport à longue distance de différents radioéléments dans le thalle de Laminaria digitata (Linné) Lamouroux. Compte Rendu Hebdomadaire des Séances de lAcadémie des Sciences. Paris. Série D 282: 989-992.
Floc'h, J.-Y. & Penot, M. (1981). Translocation of³²p and ⁸⁶Rb in some brown algae (Laminaria digitata and Fucus vesiculosus): influence of metabolism and sinks. Proceedings of the International Seaweed Symposium 8: 176-187.
Forster, R.M. & Dring, M.J. (1991). Blue light increases carbon supply rate in Laminaria digitata. British Phycological Journal 26: 85.
Fries, L. (1980). Axenic tissue cultures from the sporophytes of Laminaria digitata and Laminaria hyperborea (Phaeophyta). Journal of Phycology 16: 475-477.
Gomez, I. & Lüning, K. (2001). Constant short-day treatment of outdoor-cultivated Laminaria digitata prevents summer drop in growth rate. European Journal of Phycology 36: 391-396.
Gunnarsson, K. (1991). Populations de Laminaria hyperborea et Laminaria digitata (Phéophycées) dans la Baie de Breidifjördur, Islande. Journal of the Marine Institue Reykjavik 12: 148.
Hagen Rødde, R. S., Østgaard, K. & Larsen, B. A. (1993). Mannuronan C-5 epimerase activity in protoplasts of Laminaria digitata. Proceedings of the International Seaweed Symposium 14: 577-581.
Hagen Rødde, R.S. & Larsen, B. (1997). Protoplasts of Laminaria digitata and Laminaria saccharina (Phaeophyta) - Cultivation and Biosynthesis of Alginate. Botanica Marina 40: 391-395.
Hagen Rødde, R.S., Østgaard, K. & Larsen, B. (1997). Chemical composition of protoplasts of Laminaria digitata (Phaeophyceae). Botanica Marina 40: 385-390.
Haug, A. & Jensen, A. (1956). Seasonal variation in chemical composition of Laminaria digitata from different parts of the Norwegian Coast. Proceedings of the International Seaweed Symposium 2: 10-15.
Hellebust, J.A. & Haug, A. (1972). In situ studies on alginic acid synthesis and other aspects of the metabolism of Laminaria digitata. Canadian Journal of Botany 50: 177-184.
Hellebust, J.A. & Haug, A. (1972). Photosynthesis, translocation, and alginic acid synthesis in Laminaria digitata and Laminaria hyperborea. Canadian Journal of Botany 50: 169-176.
Indergaard, M. & Jensen, A. (1981). Nitrate and phosphate uptake in small populations of Laminaria digitata (Phaeophyceae). Proceedings of the International Seaweed Symposium 10: 411-417.
Indergaard, M. & Skjåk-Braek, G. (1987). Characteristics of alginate from Laminaria digitata cultivated in a high-phosphate enviornment. Proceedings of the International Seaweed Symposium 12: 541-549.
Jensen, A. & Haug, A. (1952). Fargereaksjon til adskillelse av Stortare (Laminaria cloustonii) og Fingertare (Laminaria digitata). Tidsskr. Kjemi, Bergvesen oc Metallurgi 8: 138-139.
Jensen, A. (1956). Preliminary investigations of the carbohydrates of Laminaria digitata and Fucus serratus. Reports of the Norwegian Institute of Seaweed Research No. 10: .
Jordan, P., Kloareg, B. & Vilter, H. (1991). Detection of vanadate-dependent bromoperoxidases in protoplasts from the brown algae Laminaria digitata and L. saccharina. Journal of Plant Physiology 137(5): 520-524.
King, R.J. & Schramm, W. (1976). Determination of photosynthetic rates for the marine algae Fucus vesiculosus and Laminaria digitata. Marine Biology, Berlin 37: 209-213.
Klenell, M., Snoeijs, P. & Pedersén, M. (2002). The involvement of a membrane H+-ATPase in the blue-light enhancement of photosynthesis in Laminaria digitata (Phaeophyta). Journal of Phycology 38: 1143-1149.
Kylin, H. (1916). Über die Generationswechsel bei Laminaria digitata. Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift 10: 551-561.
Le Jolis, A. (1856). Examen des espèces confrondues sous le nom de Laminaria digitata, suivi de quelques observations sur le genre Laminaria. Novorum actorum Academie Casareae Leopoldino-Carolinae naturae curiosorum 25: 531-591.
Lüning, K., Wagner, A. & Buchholz, C. (2000). Evidence for inhibitors of sporangium formation in Laminaria digitata (Phaeophyceae) during the season of rapid growth (Note). Journal of Phycology 36: 1129-1134.
Maier, I. & Müller, D.G. (1982). Antheridium fine structure and spermatozoid release in Laminaria digitata (Phaeophyceae). Phycologia 21: 1-8, 16 figs.
Maier, I. & Müller, D.G. (1990). Chemotaxis in Laminaria digitata (Phaeophyceae). I. Analysis of spermatozoid movement.. J. exp. Bot. 41: 869-876.
Maier, I., Müller, D.G., Schmid, C., Boland, W. & Jaenicke, L. (1988). Pheromone receptor specificity and threshold concentrations for spermatozoid release in Laminaria digitata. Naturwissenschaften 75: 260-263.
Mathieson, A.C., Swan, E.F. & Fralick, R.A. (1972). An abnormal specimen of Laminaria digitata (L.) Lamouroux. Rhodora 74: 127-130.
Mikelstad, S. (1968). Ion-exchange properties of brown algae. I. Determination of ratio mechanism for calcium-hydrogen ion-exchange for particles for Laminaria hyperbora and Laminaria digitata. J. Appl. Chem. 18: 30-36.
Moss, B. (1977). Attachment of the holdfasts of Laminaria digitata (Huds.) Lamour. British Phycological Journal 12: 121.
Moulin, P., Crépineau, F., Kloareg, B. & Boyen, C. (1999). Isolation and characterization of six cDNAs involved in carbon metabolism in Laminaria digitata (Phaeophyceae). Journal of Phycology 35: 1237-1245.
Müller, D.G., Gassmann, G. & Lüning, K. (1979). Isolation of spermatozoid-releasing and -attracting substance from female gametophytes of Laminaria digitata. Nature, London 279: 430-431.
Pérez, R. (1969). Croissance de Laminaria digitata (L.) Lamouroux etudiée sur trois années consécutives. Proceedings of the International Seaweed Symposium 6: 329-344.
Pedersén, M. (1983). Ultrastructural localization of bromine and iodine in the stipes of Laminaria digitata (Huds.) Lamour., Laminaria saccharina (L.) Lamour. and Laminaria hyperborea (Gunn.) Fosl.. Botanica Marina 26: 113-118.
Penot, M. & Videau, C. (1975). Adsorption du 86Rb et du 99Mo par deux algues marines: Le Laminaria digitata et le Fucus serratus. Zeits. Pflanzenphysiol. 76: 285-293.
Perez, R. (1969). Etude biometrique d'une population de Laminaria digitata Lamouroux de l'etage infralittoral profond. I. -Résultats relatifs aux dimensions des thalles. Rev. Trav. Inst. Pêches marit. 33: 117-135.
Pérez, R. (1969). Le repeuplement des champs de Laminaria digitata. Influence comparée de la coupe et de l'arrachage. Science et Peche : .
Printz, H. (1962). Phykochronologische Untersuchungen in Assoziationen von Laminaria digitata (L.) Lamour. f. stenophylla (Kütz.) Harv. an der norwegischen Westküste. Arch. für. Mikrobiol. 42: 64-73.
Rodrigues, M.A., Pereira dos Santos, C., Yoneshigue Valentin, Y., Strbac, D. & Hall, D.O. (2000). Photosynthetic light-response curves and photoinhibition of the deep-water Laminaria abyssalis and the intertidal Laminaria digitata (Phaeophyceae). Journal of Phycology 36: 97-106.
Rodrigues, M.A., Pereira dos Santos, C., Young, A.J., Strbac, D. & Hall, D.O. (2002). A smaller and impaired xanthophyll cycle makes the deep sea macroalgae Laminaria abyssalis (Phaeophyceae) highly sensitive to daylight when compared with shallow water Laminaria digitata. Journal of Phycology 38: 939-947.
Roeder, V., Collén, J., Rousvoal, S., Corre, E., Leblanc, C. & Boyen, C. (2005). Identification of stress gene transcripts in Laminaria digitata (Phaeophyceae) protoplast cultures by expressed sequence tag analysis. Journal of Phycology 41: 1227-1235.
Russell, G. (1983). Formation of an ectocaroid epiflora on blades of Laminaria digitata. Marine Ecology Progress Series 11: 181-187.
Schaffelke, B. & Lüning, K. (1994). A circannual rhythm controls seasonal growth in the kelps Laminaria hyperborea and L. digitata from Helgoland (North Sea). European Journal of Phycology 29: 49-56, 8 figs.
Seoane Camba, J. (1965). Las Laminarias de España, su distribución y el problema de Laminaria digitata Lamour. V Reunión sobre Productividad y Pesquerías, Instituto de Investigaciones Pesqueras de Barcelona. 47-55.
Shaw, T.I. (1957). Iodide and the respiration of Laminaria digitata. British Phycological Bulletin 1(5): 18.
Smith, B.D. (1985). Recovery following experimental harvesting of Laminaria longicruris and L. digitata in southwestern Nova Scotia. Helgoländer Meeresuntersuchungen 39: 83-101.
Stockton, B. & Evans, L.V. (1979). Characterization of alginates from Laminaria digitata. British Phycological Journal 14: 128.
Sundene, O. (1958). Interfertility between forms of Laminaria digitata. Nytt Magasin for Botanikk 6: 121-128.
Sundene, O. (1962). Growth in the sea of Laminaria digitata sporophytes from culture. Nytt Magasin for Botanikk 9: 5-24.
Sundene, O. (1964). The ecology of Laminaria digitata in Norway in view of transplant experiments. Nytt Magasin for Botanikk 11: 83-107.
Suneson, S. (1971). A bifurcate frond of Laminaria digitata from Sweden. Botaniska Notiser 124: 277-279.
Tonon, T., Rousvoal, S., Roeder, V. & Boyen, C. (2008). Expression profiling of the mannuronan C5-epimerase multigenic family in the brown alga Laminaria digitata (Phaeophyceae) under biotic stress conditions. Journal of Phycology 44: 1250-1256.
Tovey, D.J. & Moss, B.L. (1978). Attachment of the haptera of Laminaria digitata (Huds.) Lamour.. Phycologia 17: 17-22.
Van Went, J.L., Van Aelst, A.C. & Tammes, P.M.L. (1973). Transverse connections between cortex and translocating medulla in Laminaria digitata. Acta Botanica Neerlandica 22: 77-78.
Vauchel, P., Arhaliass, A., Legrand, J., Kaas, R. & Baron, R. (2008). Decrease in dynamic viscosity and average molecular weight of alginate from Laminaria Digitata during alkaline extraction . Journal of Phycology 44: 515-517.
Young, E.B., Dring, M.J. & Berges, J.A. (2007). Distinct patterns of nitrate reductase activity in brown algae: light and ammonium sensitivity in Laminaria digitata is absent in Fucus species. Journal of Phycology 43: 1200-1208.