Acanthophora spicifera (M.Vahl) Børgesen

Classification:
Empire Eukaryota
Kingdom Plantae
Subkingdom Biliphyta
Phylum Rhodophyta
Subphylum Eurhodophytina
Class Florideophyceae
Subclass Rhodymeniophycidae
Order Ceramiales
Family Rhodomelaceae
Tribe Chondrieae
Genus Acanthophora

Pictures:

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Indian River Lagoon, Florida, USA. Littler, D.S., M.M. Littler and M.D. Hanisak (2008) Submersed Plants of the Indian River Lagoon: A Floristic Inventory and Field Guide. OffShore Graphics, Inc., Washington, DC, 298 pp. 584 distributed by Harbor B. Diane Littler. © Diane Littler.

Houtman Abrolhos, Western Australia, Australia. John Huisman. © John Huisman.

© ABC Taxa. From: Coppejans, E., Leliaert, F., Dargent, O., Gunasekara, R., & De Clerck, O. (2009). Sri Lankan Seaweeds Methodologies and field guide to the dominant species. Vol. 6 pp. 1-265.: ABC Taxa..

Tanzania. Katrin Østerlund. © Katrin Østerlund. From: Oliveira, E., Österlund, K. & Mtolera, M.S.P. (2005). Marine Plants of Tanzania. A field guide to the seaweeds and seagrasses. pp. 267, Numerous coloured illustrations and line drawings. Stockholm: Botany Department, Stockholm University.

Panama; Branch with spines only on branchlets. D.S. Littler. © D.S. Littler.

Panama; Branchlet with spines. D.S. Littler. © D.S. Littler.

Panama; hair-like filaments in terminal cluster. D.S. Littler. © D.S. Littler.

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Acanthophora spicifera (M.Vahl) Børgesen

Publication details
Acanthophora spicifera (M.Vahl) Børgesen 1910: 201, figs 18-19

Original publication: Børgesen, F. (1910). Some new or little known West Indian Florideae. II. Botanisk Tidsskrift 30: 177-207, 20 figs.

Type species
The type species (lectotype) of the genus Acanthophora is Acanthophora thierryi J.V.Lamouroux.

Status of name
This name is of an entity that is currently accepted taxonomically.

Basionym
Fucus spicifer M.Vahl

Type information
Type locality: St Croix, Virgin Islands (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996: 470). Holotype: C 1044 (Perrone et al 2006: 37). Notes: Herbarium: C? (Yoshida, 1998: 1006). According to de Jong et al. (1999: 138), the holotype (C 124/93 (nº 10)) is from Key West, Florida.

Homotypic Synonym(s)
Fucus spicifer M.Vahl 1802

Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Fucus acanthophorus J.V.Lamouroux 1805
Acanthophora thierryi J.V.Lamouroux 1813
Chondria acanthophora C.Agardh 1822
Acanthophora orientalis J.Agardh 1863
Acanthophora wightii J.Agardh 1863
Acanthophora intermedia H.L.Crouan & P.M.Crouan 1865
Acanthophora antillarum Montagne ex Kützing 1865
Acanthophora thierryi f. gracilis P.L.Crouan & H.M.Crouan 1878
Acanthophora orientalis var. wightii (J.Agardh) Sonder 1879
Acanthophora spicifera f. wightii (J.Agardh) Weber-van Bosse 1923
Acanthophora spicifera f. orientalis (J.Agardh) Weber-van Bosse 1923
Acanthophora spicifera var. orientalis (J.Agardh) Zaneveld 1956

General environment
This is a Marine species.

Common names used in commerce, often for edible algae
red alga {Eng}; bulung tombong bideng {Malay}; culot {Ilo}

Usage notes
Eaten in Tahiti (Payri, N’Yeurt & Orempuller, 2000).

Detailed distribution with sources
(as Fucus spicifer M.Vahl)
Caribbean Islands: St Croix (Perrone et al 2006).

(as Acanthophora thierryi J.V.Lamouroux)
Caribbean Islands: Guadeloupe (Perrone et al 2006).

South-west Asia: Sri Lanka (Perrone et al 2006).

(as Acanthophora orientalis J.Agardh)
South-east Asia: Singapore (Teo & Wee 1983).

(as Acanthophora thierryi f. gracilis P.L.Crouan & H.M.Crouan)
Caribbean Islands: Cuba (de Jong, Hitipeuw & Prud'Homme van Reine 1999).

(as Acanthophora spicifera (M.Vahl) Børgesen)
Atlantic Islands: Bermuda (Taylor 1960, Schneider & Searles 1991).

North America: Florida (Taylor 1960, Schneider & Searles 1991, Littler, Littler & Hanisak 2008), Mexico (Taylor 1960), Texas (Wynne 2009).

Central America: Belize (Littler & Littler 1997), Costa Rica (Taylor 1960), Guatemala (Taylor 1960), Panama (Taylor 1960).

Caribbean Islands: Bahamas (Taylor 1960), Barbados (Taylor 1960, Taylor 1969), Caicos Islands (Taylor 1960), Caribbean (Littler & Littler 2000), Cayman Islands (Perrone et al 2006), Cuba (Taylor 1960, de Jong, Hitipeuw & Prud'Homme van Reine 1999, Cabrera, Moreira & Suárez 2004, Suárez 2005), Hispaniola (Taylor 1960), Jamaica (Taylor 1960), Lesser Antilles (Taylor 1960, Taylor 1969), Martinique (Rodríguez-Prieto, Michanek & Ivon 1999), Netherlands Antilles (Taylor 1960), Puerto Rico (Taylor 1960, de Jong, Hitipeuw & Prud'Homme van Reine 1999), Trinidad & Tobago (Taylor 1960, Richardson 1975, Duncan & Lee Lum 2006), Virgin Islands (Taylor 1960).

South America: Aves (Taylor 1960), Brazil (Taylor 1930, Joly 1957, Taylor 1960, Joly 1965, Falcão & Menezes de Széchy 2005, Lourenço et al 2005, Perrone et al 2006, Castelar et al. 2009, Castelar et al. 2009), Colombia (Taylor 1960), Venezuela (Taylor 1960, Ganesan 1990).

Africa: Angola (Price, John & Lawson 1986, John et al. 2004), Bioko (Price, John & Lawson 1986), Cameroon (Price, John & Lawson 1986, Lawson & John 1987, John, Lawson & Ameka, 2003, John et al. 2004), Eritrea (Ateweberhan & Prud'homme van Reine 2005), Gabon (Price, John & Lawson 1986, John, Lawson & Ameka, 2003, John et al. 2004), Guinea-Bissau (Welten, Audiffred & Prud'homme van Reine 2002, Welten, Audiffred & Prud'homme van Reine 2002, John, Lawson & Ameka, 2003), Kenya (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996), Madagascar (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996, de Jong, Hitipeuw & Prud'Homme van Reine 1999), Mauritania (John et al. 2004), Mauritius (Børgesen 1945, Silva, Basson & Moe 1996), Mozambique (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996), São Tomé & Príncipe (Price, John & Lawson 1986, John, Lawson & Ameka, 2003, John et al. 2004), Senegal (Price, John & Lawson 1986, John et al. 2004), Sierra Leone (Price, John & Lawson 1986, Lawson & John 1987, John, Lawson & Ameka, 2003, John et al. 2004), South Africa (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996), Tanzania (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996, Oliveira, Österlund & Mtolera 2005).

Indian Ocean Islands: Aldabra Islands (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996), Andaman Islands (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996), Laccadive Islands (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996), Maldives (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996), Nicobar Islands (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996), Réunion (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996), Seychelles (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996, de Jong, Hitipeuw & Prud'Homme van Reine 1999).

South-west Asia: Bahrain (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996), Bangladesh (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996), India (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996, Sahoo et al. 2001), Iran (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996, Sohrabipour & Rabii 1999), Kuwait (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996), Oman (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996), Pakistan (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996), Saudi Arabia (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996), Sri Lanka (Børgesen 1936, Silva, Basson & Moe 1996, Coppejans et al. 2009), Yemen (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996).

Asia: China (Tseng 1984), Japan (Yoshida, Nakajima & Nakata 1990), Taiwan (Huang 2000).

South-east Asia: Indonesia (Verheij & Prud'homme van Reine 1993, Silva, Basson & Moe 1996, de Jong, Hitipeuw & Prud'Homme van Reine 1999), Malaysia (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996), Myanmar (Burma) (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996), Philippines (Silva, Meñez & Moe 1987, Kraft et al. 1999, de Jong, Hitipeuw & Prud'Homme van Reine 1999, Perrone et al 2006), Singapore (Teo & Wee 1983, Silva, Basson & Moe 1996), Vietnam (Pham-Hoàng 1969, Abbott, Fisher & McDermid 2002, Tsutsui et al. 2005).

Australia and New Zealand: Lord Howe Island (Millar & Kraft 1993, Huisman 2000), Northern Territory (Womersley 1958, de Jong, Hitipeuw & Prud'Homme van Reine 1999), Queensland (Lewis 1984, Cribb 1996, Phillips 1997, Phillips 2002), Western Australia (Huisman 2000, Huisman & Borowitzka 2003).

Pacific Islands: American Samoa (Skelton & South 2007), Federated States of Micronesia (Lobban & Tsuda 2003), Fiji (N'Yeurt, South & Keats 1996, South & Skelton 2003, Skelton & South 2007), French Polynesia (Payri, N'Yeurt & Orempuller 2000, Skelton & South 2007, N'Yeurt & Payri 2010), Hawaiian Islands (Magruder & Hunt 1979, Abbott 1999, de Jong, Hitipeuw & Prud'Homme van Reine 1999, Smith, Hunter & Smith 2002, Perrone et al 2006, Skelton & South 2007), New Caledonia (de Jong, Hitipeuw & Prud'Homme van Reine 1999), Samoa (Skelton & South 2007), Samoan Archipelago (Skelton & South 1999), Solomon Islands (Womersley & Bailey 1970, de Jong, Hitipeuw & Prud'Homme van Reine 1999, Littler & Littler 2003).

Key references
Dawes, C.J. & Mathieson, A.C. (2008). The seaweeds of Florida. pp. [i]- viii, [1]-591, [592], pls I-LI. Gainesville, Florida: University Press of Florida.

Jong, Y.S.D.M. de, Hitipeuw, C. & Prud'Homme van Reine, W.F. (1999). A taxonomic, phylogenetic and biogeographic study of the genus Acanthophora (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta). Blumea 44: 217-249.

Perrone, C., Cecere, E. & Furnari, G. (2006). Growth pattern assessment in the genus Acanthophora (Rhodophyta, Ceramiales). Phycologia 45: 37-43.

Skelton, P.A. & South, G.R. (2007). The benthic marine algae of the Samoan Archipelago, South Pacific, with emphasis on the Apia District. Nova Hedwigia Beihefte 132: 1-350.

Yamagishi, Y., Masuda, M., Abe, T., Uwai, S., Kogame, K., Kawaguchi, S. & Phang, S.M. (2003). Taxonomic notes on marine algae from Malaysia. XI. Four species of Rhodophyceae. Botanica Marina 46: 534-547.

Zemke-White, W.L. & Ohno, M. (1999). World seaweed utilisation: an end-of-century summary. Journal of Applied Phycology 11: 369-376.

NCBI Nucleotide Sequences

Created: 27 January 1998 by M.D. Guiry

Verified by: 20 May 2010 by M.D. Guiry

Accesses: This record has been accessed by users 4913 times since it was created.

References
(Please note: only references with the binomials in the title are included. The information is from the Literature database.)

Buchan-Antalan, T.A. & Trono, G.C., Jr (1983). The morphology, growth and seasonality in the reproductive states of Acanthophora spicifera (Vahl) Boergesen in Bacoor Bay. Natural and Applied Science Bulletin, University of the Philippines 35: 17-27, 5 figs.
Cajipe, G.J.B., Laserna, E.C., Veroy, R.L. & Luistro, A.H. (1980). On the infrared spectrum of a polysaccharide obtained by alkaline extraction of the red alga Acanthophora spicifera (Vahl) Boergesen. Botanica Marina 23: 69-70, 2 figs.
De Oliveira Filho, E.C. (1967). On the development of tetraspores of Acanthophora spicifera (Rhodomelaceae - Rhodophyta). Botânica 22(305): 195-206.
Kilar, J.A. & McLachlan, J. (1986). Branching morphology as an indicator of environmental disturbance: testing the vegetative fragmentation of Acanthophora spicifera and the turf morphology of Laurencia papillosa. Aquatic Botany 24: 115-130.
Russell, D.J. (1992). The ecological invasion of Hawaiian reefs by two marine red algae, Acanthophora spicifera (Vahl.) Boerg. and Hypnea musciformis (Wulfen) J. Ag. and their association with two native species, Laurencia nidfica J. Ag. and Hypnea cervicornis J. Ag.. In: Introductions and Transfers of Aquatic Species. (Sinderman, C., Steinmetz, B. & Herschbergen, W. Eds), pp. 110-125. Halifax, N.S.: ICES Marine Science Symp.,.
Wahidulla, S., D'Souza, L. & Kamat, S.Y. (1986). Chemical constituents of the red alga Acanthophora spicifera. Botanica Marina 29: 49-50.

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