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Polysiphonia fucoides (Hudson) Greville 1824

Classification:
Empire Eukaryota
Kingdom Plantae
Subkingdom Biliphyta
Phylum Rhodophyta
Subphylum Eurhodophytina
Class Florideophyceae
Subclass Rhodymeniophycidae
Order Ceramiales
Family Rhodomelaceae
Tribe Polysiphonieae
Genus Polysiphonia

Pictures

click on thumbnail for larger version.

Silver Strand, Galway Bay, Ireland. 05 Apr 2012. M.D. Guiry. © Michael Guiry (mike.guiry@nuigalway.ie).

Ría de Ares, Galicia, Spain, 2011. 24 Oct 2011. Ignacio Bárbara. © Ignacio Bárbara (barbara@udc.es).

Brittany, France. 24 Oct 2011. Ignacio Bárbara. © Ignacio Bárbara (barbara@udc.es).

Ría de Ares, Galicia, Spain, 2011. 24 Oct 2011. Ignacio Bárbara. © Ignacio Bárbara (barbara@udc.es).

microscope,TS frond showing pericentrals and axial cell; Spain, Galicia, Ría de Ortigueira, 2005. Ignacio Bárbara. © Ignacio Bárbara (barbara@udc.es).

microscope, TS frond showing pericentrals; Spain, Galicia, Ría de Ortigueira, 2005. Ignacio Bárbara. © Ignacio Bárbara (barbara@udc.es).

microscope, surface view of pericentrals; Spain, Galicia, Ría de Ortigueira, 2005. Ignacio Bárbara. © Ignacio Bárbara (barbara@udc.es).

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Polysiphonia fucoides (Hudson) Greville microscope, TS frond showing pericentrals; Spain, Galicia, Ría de Ortigueira, 2005
© Ignacio Bárbara (barbara@udc.es)

Publication details
Polysiphonia fucoides (Hudson) Greville 1824: 308

Published in: Greville, R.K. (1824). Flora edinensis: or a description of plants growing near Edinburgh, arranged according to the Linnean system, with a concise introduction to the natural orders of the class Cryptogamia, and illustrated plates. pp. i-lxxxi, 1-478. Edinburgh: Printed for William Blackwood, Edinburgh; and T. Cadell, Strand, London.
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Type species
The type species (holotype) of the genus Polysiphonia is Polysiphonia urceolata (Lightfoot ex Dillwyn) Greville.

Status of name
This name is currently regarded as a synonym of Vertebrata fucoides (Hudson) Kuntze

Basionym
Conferva fucoides Hudson

Type information
Type locality: York, England (Silva & al. 1996: 541). Neotype: undated, unlocalised; herb. Lightfoot “names repeatedly by Hudson C. fucoides” BM-K (Maggs & Hommersand 1993: 338). Notes: See also Irvine & Dixon (1982). BM 807101.

Synonym(s)
No synonyms are currently included in AlgaeBase.

Taxonomic notes
John et al. (2004) cite Polysiphonia myriococca Mont., P. subulata (Ducluz.) J. Agardh, P. violacea (Huds.) Grev. and P. violacea var. subulata (Ducluz.) Hauck as synonyms of this species.

Distributional notes
This species was introduced accidentally, probably via fishing baits and shipping, and on multiple occasions, into the Mediterranean (Verlaque et al. 2015: 2011), being first found in the Etang de Prevost (France) in 1988. It is now widely distributed in the Mediterranean. - (5 Nov 2015) - M.D. Guiry

Habitat notes
Mid to low intertidal of sand-covered rocks from moderately to extremely wave-exposed sites (Diaz-Tapia & Bárbara 2013). - (27 Jan 2014) - Wendy Guiry

General environment
This is a marine species.

Common names

(as Polysiphonia fucoides (Hudson) Greville)
English: Black Siphon Weed (Bunker & al. 2010).

Swedish: Fjäderslick (Tolstoy & Österlund 2003).

Description
Cartilaginous, cylindrical, tufted, brownish purple fronds, to 300 mm long (more usually about 70 mm long), from branched rhizoidal holdfast. Branching ± alternate, tripinnate, ramuli with terminal tufts of colourless dichotomous fibrils. Plants perennial, ramuli and branchlets shed in winter, leaving jagged stumps. Large central siphon surrounded by 12-20 pericentral siphons, corticated only at base. Articulations as long as broad in older parts, to 1.5 times as long as broad distally.

Habitat
On rocks and epiphytic, intertidal at all levels, often in shallow pools and runnels, widely distributed, common.

Detailed distribution with sources (Click to Load)

Source of current name
Díaz-Tapia, P., McIvor, L., Freshwater, D.W., Verbruggen, H., Wynne, M.J. & Maggs, C.A. (2017). The genera Melanothamnus Bornet & Falkenberg and Vertebrata S.F. Gray constitute well-defined clades of the red algal tribe Polysiphonieae (Rhodomelaceae, Ceramiales). European Journal of Phycology 52(1): 1-20, 77 figs.

Key references
Athanasiadis, A. (2016). Phycologia Europaea Rhodophyta Vol. II. pp. [2], 763-1504. Thessaloniki: Published and distributed by the author.

Díaz-Tapia, P. & Bárbara, I. (2013). Seaweeds from sand-covered rocks of the Atlantic Iberian Peninsula. Part. 1. The Rhodomelaceae (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta). Cryptogamie Algologie 34(4): 325-422.

Larsen, A. & Sand-Jensen, K. (2005). Salt tolerance and distribution of estuarine benthic macroalgae in the Kattegat-Baltic Sea area. Phycologia 45: 13-23.

Loiseaux-de Goër, S. & Noailles, M.-C. (2008). Algues de Roscoff. pp. [1]-215, col. figs. Roscoff: Editions de la Station Biologique de Roscoff.

Maggs, C.A. & Hommersand, M.H. (1993). Seaweeds of the British Isles. Volume 1. Rhodophyta. Part 3A. Ceramiales. pp. [i]-xv, 1-444, 129 figs, map. London: HMSO.

Mathieson, A.C. & Dawes, C.J. (2017). Seaweeds of the Northwest Atlantic. pp. [i]-x, 1-798, CIX pls. Amherst & Boston: University of Massachusetts Press.

Pedersen, P.M. (2011). Grønlands havalger. pp. [1] 7-208. Copenhagen: Forlaget Epsilon.DK.

Verlaque, M., Ruitton, S., Mineur, F. & Boudouresque, C.-F. (2015). CIESM atlas of exotic species of the Mediterranean. Macrophytes. pp. [1]-362, many photographs and maps. Monaco: CIESM Publishers.

Vinogradova, K.L. (2011). The order Ceramiales (Rhodophyta) in the flora of the Arctic Ocean. Botanicheskii Zhurnal (St. Petersburg) 96(6): 681-695.

Created: 31 March 1996 by M.D. Guiry

Verified by: 01 August 2017 by M.D. Guiry

Accesses: This record has been accessed by users 7679 times since it was created.

Verification of data
Users are responsible for verifying the accuracy of information before use, as noted on the website Content page.

Linking to this page: http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=176

Citing AlgaeBase
Cite this record as:
M.D. Guiry in Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 2021. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org; searched on 15 April 2021.

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