Bibliographic Detail

Kraft, G.T., Conklin, K.Y. & Sherwood, A.R., 2014

Reference:
Kraft, G.T., Conklin, K.Y. & Sherwood, A.R. (2014). Tylotus laqueatus, a new species of Dicranemataceae (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) from the Hawaiian Islands. Phycological Research 62: 16-28, 35 figs.

Abstract:
A rarely collected shallow-subtidal Hawaiian macroalga has been determined anatomically and molecularly to belong to an undescribed species of Tylotus J. Agardh, the most widely distributed genus of the small, mostly Australian-endemic family Dicranemataceae. Thalli are repent and imbricate on calcareous boulders at the type locality on Oahu, and are anchored both basally and by haptera arising marginally and ventrally on the (sub-)dichotomous, linear axes. Simple or forked terete haptera can be a means of perennation by the occasional direct issuing of adventitious blades. Fronds are multiaxial and consist of a broad pseudoparenchymatous medulla of thickwalled cells surrounded on both sides by a two- or three-layered small-celled pigmented cortex in which numbers of glandular hairs are embedded. Tetrasporangia are zonate, and gametophytes are monoecious. Carpogonial branches are three-celled, directed to the thallus surface, and borne laterally on inner-cortical supporting cells; cystocarps are prominently protuberant and scattered sparingly on dorsal frond surfaces, the carposporophytes directed outwardly beneath an ostiolate pericarp and connected to the parent gametophyte across a broad placental base in which the remnant auxiliary cell persists centrally. The inner surface of the pericarp is unusual in producing extensive patches or isolated islands of short gonimoblast filaments with terminal carposporangia as an apparent result of the implantation of gonimoblasts into the tissue of the lining. Anatomy indicates that the new species is more closely related to the East-Asian Tylotus lichenoides Okamura than to the only other described member of the genus, the type species T. obtusatus (Sonder) J. Agardh from southern Australia. An rbcL phylogeny supports placement of sequences for Hawaiian specimens within the genus Tylotus but distinct from all previously recorded sequences of Tylotus. As is widely reported in other molecular-phylogenetic analyses of the Gigartinales, we find that support for generic and familial relationships within the order is strong whereas that for between-family relationships is low.