Carteria Diesing, 1866: 356
Holotype species: Carteria cordiformis (Carter) Diesing
Original publication and holotype designation:Diesing, K.M. (1866). Revision der Prothelminthen. Abtheilung: Mastigophoren. Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. Abt. 1, Mineralogie, Botanik, Zoologie, Anatomie, Geologie und Paläontologie 52: 287-401.
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Taxonomic status: currently recognized as a distinct genus.
Description: Unicellular thalli typically spherical to subspherical, range in diameter from 10-45 µm. Each cell typically with two or four anterior contractile vacuoles. Four anterior isokont flagella. Chloroplast single per cell and variable, variants species specific and provide basis for defining species groups (sensu Ettl). Chloroplasts cup-shaped (Eucarteria, Corbierea, Carteriopsis) to "H"-shaped (Pseudagloë) to indistinct (Sphaerella), or even highly dissected (e.g., C. zebra). Pyrenoids one to several with position variable depending upon the species basal (Eucarteria), lateral (Corbierea), or axial (Pseudagloë). Carteriopsis group may exhibit numerous pyrenoids. Eyespot prominent in most species (rarely absent), at cell anterior embedded in chloroplast. Nucleus single and typically central; < 5 µm. Flagellar root system highly complex. Two flagellar architecture types (Group I and Group II) defined by ultrastructural analysis (Lembi). The Group I taxa (C. sp. UTEX 762 and C. radiosa) are further characterized as possessing a small, rounded papillum. Group II taxa (C. eugametos [= C. lunzensis sensu Ettl], C. crucifera, C. olivieri) have a prominent cruciate papillum. Domozych and others (1981) and Domozych (1987) have described microtubule behavior during cytokinesis and papillum formation in C. crucifera. Phycoplast system of microtubules develops in the plane of cytokinesis. First division typically longitudinal, sometimes coupled with rotation (depending on the species). Asexual reproduction by zoosporogenesis. Two to four zoospores typically produced. Akinetes may form by thickening of vegetative cell wall. Palmella stages common. Sexual reproduction isogamous, anisogamous, or oogamous. Planozygotes bear four or eight flagella, remaining motile for extended periods of time.
Comments: Carteria species are widely distributed in freshwater and terrestrial habitats including soil, temporary pools and eutrophic lakes. Cell wall in C. eugametos and C. cruciferi of the type II lattice similar to Chlorogonium, Chloromonas, Polytoma, Brachiomonas and some species of Chlamydomonas . Carteria is a heterogeneous assemblage of quadriflagellate taxa with morphological and ultrastructural data suggesting distinct lineages. Molecular data also indicate that the genus is diverse, but, in addition, rRNA data suggest that Carteria is not a monophyletic taxon. Group I and II (sensu Lembi) taxa are allied in separate lineages. If the quadriflagellate condition is the only character defining the genus, yet is an ancestral feature, then the support for a monophyletic genus is problematic. Taxonomic revision appears likely and will dramatically alter the genus. Throndsen (1997: 665) includes Carteria in the Phylum Chromophyta.
Numbers of names and species: There are 87 species (and infraspecific) names in the database at present, of which 37 have been flagged as currently accepted taxonomically.
Names: ('C' indicates a name that is currently accepted taxonomically; 'S' a homotypic or heterotypic synonym; 'U' indicates a name of uncertain taxonomic status, but which has been subjected to some verification nomenclaturally; 'P' indicates a preliminary AlgaeBase entry that has not been subjected to any kind of verification. For more information on a species click on it to activate a link to the Species database):
Carteria abiscoensis f. carpatica Massjuk & Lilits C
Carteria abiscoensis var. kyivensis Massjuk & Lilits C
Carteria abiscoensis Skuja C
Carteria acidicola F.E.Fritsch & R.P.John C
Carteria acuta J.Schiller S
Carteria agloeformis Nygaard C
Carteria arenicola F.E.Fritsch & R.P.John C
Carteria arnoldii Proshkina-Lavrenko S
Carteria australis var. ovata Playfair C
Carteria australis Playfair C
Carteria bullulina Playfair C
Carteria caudata Pascher P
Carteria cerasiformis H.Nozaki, K.Aizawa & M.M.Watanabe C
Carteria cordata Ettl P
Carteria cordiformis (Carter) Diesing S - type
Carteria crassifilis J.Schiller S
Carteria cruciata Pascher C
Carteria crucifera Korshikov ex Pascher C
Carteria crucifera f. polonica H.Jakubiec C
Carteria crucifera var. inversa Korshikov S
Carteria cylindracea J.Schiller S
Carteria czettelii Wawrik S
Carteria dangeardii O.V.Troitskaya C
Carteria disclusa Skuja C
Carteria dissecta Tiffany S
Carteria ellipsoidalis Bold C
Carteria eugametos Mitra C
Carteria eugametos var. contaminans P
Carteria fornicata Nygaard C
Carteria geminata Ettl C
Carteria globosa Korshikov S
Carteria globosa Schiller C
Carteria globulosa Pascher C
Carteria granulosa Playfair C
Carteria gyorffyi Kol P
Carteria hiemale Skvortzov ex C.E.M.Bicudo C
Carteria huberi H.R.Christen C
Carteria incisa E.G.Pringsheim C
Carteria inversa (Korshikov) Bourrelly C
Carteria iyengari Ramanathan C
Carteria klebsii (P.A.Dangeard) Francé C
Carteria lohammari Skuja C
Carteria lunzensis var. curciato-papillata L.Péterfi P
Carteria lunzensis Pascher & Jahoda C
Carteria maculata L.Péterfi P
Carteria marina Diesing C
Carteria micronucleolata Korshikov S
Carteria miwae Fukushima S
Carteria mucosa Korschikov S
Carteria multifilis (Fresenius) O.Dill C
Carteria multifissa Pascher S
Carteria neustophila Czosnowski S
Carteria nivalis Kol S
Carteria obtusa O.Dill C
Carteria oliveri G.S.West P
Carteria ovata H.C.Jacobsen S
Carteria pallida Korschikov S
Carteria palmata Suda, Nozaki & M.M.Watanabe C
Carteria peterhofiensis Kisselev C
Carteria plana Pascher C
Carteria platyrhyncha Ettl C
Carteria polychloris Pascher S
Carteria pseudoglobosa Ettl C
Carteria pseudomultifilis L.Péterfi C
Carteria radiosa Korshikov C
Carteria radiosa var. napocensis Péterfi P
Carteria rugulosa var. inaequalis Playfair C
Carteria rugulosa var. angulata Playfair C
Carteria rugulosa Playfair C
Carteria salina Wislouch S
Carteria sanpaulensis Skvortzov ex C.E.M.Bicudo C
Carteria scrobiculata var. ovalis Playfair C
Carteria scrobiculata Playfair C
Carteria semiglobosa Pascher S
Carteria simplex Pascher P
Carteria sinica Skvortzov S
Carteria sphaerelloides Skuja ex T.Willén C
Carteria sphagnicola Matvienko C
Carteria stelalta Korshikov S
Carteria stellifera Nygaard P
Carteria striata Pascher P
Carteria subcordiformis Wille S
Carteria vectensis Kufferath S
Carteria vulgaris (Ettl, H.& O.) Ettl P
Carteria wettsteinii J.Schiller S
Carteria wisconsinensis Huber-Pestalozzi C
Carteria wuhanensis Y.X.Wei C
References
Throndsen, J. (1996). The planktonic marine flagellates. In: Identifying marine phytoplankton. (Tomas, C.R. Eds), pp. 591-730. San Diego: Academic Press.
Contributors
Some of the descriptions included in AlgaeBase were originally from the unpublished Encyclopedia of Algal Genera,
organised in the 1990s by Dr Bruce Parker on behalf of the Phycological Society of America (PSA)
and intended to be published in CD format.
These AlgaeBase descriptions are now being continually updated, and each current contributor is identified above.
The PSA and AlgaeBase warmly acknowledge the generosity of all past and present contributors and particularly the work of Dr Parker.
Descriptions of chrysophyte genera were subsequently published in J. Kristiansen & H.R. Preisig (eds.). 2001. Encyclopedia of Chrysophyte Genera. Bibliotheca Phycologica 110: 1-260.
Linking to this page: http://www.algaebase.org/search/genus/detail/?genus_id=43371
Citing AlgaeBase
Cite this record as:
M.D. Guiry in Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 2013. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org; searched on 22 May 2013.
Algaebase taxon LSID: urn:lsid:algaebase.org:taxname:77528
