Alexandrium monilatum (J.F.Howell) Balech

Classification:
Empire Eukaryota
Kingdom Chromista
Phylum Dinophyta
Class Dinophyceae
Order Gonyaulacales
Family Goniodomataceae
Genus Alexandrium

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Publication details
Alexandrium monilatum (J.F.Howell) Balech 1995: 67

Original publication: Balech, E. (1995). The genus Alexandrium Halim (Dinoflagellata). pp. 1-151. Sherkin Island: Sherkin Island Marine Station.
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Type species
The type species (holotype) of the genus Alexandrium is Alexandrium minutum Halim.

Status of name
This name is of an entity that is currently accepted taxonomically.

Basionym
Gonyaulax monilata J.F.Howell

Type information
Type locality: North Atlantic Ocean: Indian River, Florida, USA (Faust & Gulledge 2002: 14). Holotype: 29025 14

Homotypic Synonym(s)
Gonyaulax monilata J.F.Howell 1953
Gessnerium monilata (Howell) Loeblich III 1970
Pyrodinium monilatum (Howell) F.J.R.Taylor 1976

Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Gonyaulax monilatum (Howell) Loeblich III
Gessnerium mochimaense Halim 1967

Usage notes
Faust & Gulledge (2002:15) notes that this species produces a strong ichthyotoxin resulting in a paralyzing effect. Production of saxitoxin (STX) and gonyautoxins (GTX1) has been reported: the toxins are hemolytic and neurotoxic. The toxins produced do not accumulate in shellfish and are not toxic to birds. Massive fish kills have been reported from Texas bays in the Gulf of Mexico and the eastern coast of Florida. Please consult original reference for further details.

Harmful species.

Link to identifying harmful dinoflagellates pages

Source of synonymy
Tomas, C.R., Eds (1996). Identifying marine diatoms and dinoflagellates. pp. 1-858. San Diego: Academic Press Inc.

Key references
Faust, M.A. & Gulledge, R.A. (2002). Identifying harmful marine dinoflagellates. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 42: 1-144.

Gómez, F. (2008). Phytoplankton invasions: comments on the validity of categorizing the non-indigenous dinoflagellates and diatoms in European Seas. Marine Pollution Bulletin 56: 620-628.

Hallegraeff, G.M., Anderson, D.M. & Cembella, A.D., Eds (2003). Manual on harmful marine microalgae. Paris: UNESCO.

Hallegraeff, G.M., Anderson, D.M. & Cembella, A.D., Eds (2003). Manual on harmful marine microalgae. Paris: UNESCO.

Leaw, C.P., Lim, P.T., Ng, B.K., Cheah, M.Y., Ahmad, A. & Usup, G. (2005). Phylogenetic analysis of Alexandrium species and Pyrodinium bahamense (Dinophyceae) based on theca morphology and nuclear ribosomal gene sequence. Phycologia 44: 550-565.

SAG Cultures
SAG Cultures may be viewed at http://sagdb.uni-goettingen.de/showstrains.php?genus=Alexandrium&species=monilatum

SCCAP Cultures
Cultures from the Scandinavian Culture Collection of Algae at the University of Copenhagen (SCCAP) and Protozoa may be viewed at http://www.sccap.dk/search/algaebase.asp?Genus=Alexandrium&Species=monilatum

NCBI Nucleotide Sequences

Created: 26 February 2003 by Elizabeth Moran

Verified by: 26 April 2011 by M.D. Guiry

Accesses: This record has been accessed by users 749 times since it was created.

Linking to this page: http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=58333

Citing AlgaeBase
Cite this record as:
M.D. Guiry in Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 2013. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org; searched on 25 May 2013.

Algaebase taxon LSID: urn:lsid:algaebase.org:taxname:42957