Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskål) J.Agardh

Classification:
Empire Eukaryota
Kingdom Plantae
Subkingdom Viridaeplantae
Phylum Chlorophycophyta
Class Bryopsidophyceae
Order Bryopsidales
Family Caulerpaceae
Genus Caulerpa

Pictures:

click on thumbnail for larger version.

Alicante, Spain; with Padina pavonia. Carolina Pena Martín. © Carolina Pena Martín.

Caulerpa racemosa - ofu limu-fuafua. 12 Dec 2003. Peter Skelton. © ORDA.

Alicante, Spain. Carolina Pena Martín. © Carolina Pena Martín.

Gran Canaria, Canary Islands; intertidal pool in exposed area. Michael Guiry. © Michael Guiry.

Alicante, Spain. Carolina Pena Martín. © Carolina Pena Martín.

Magaluf, Balearic Islands, Spain; invasive plants on a Posidonia oceanica rhizome. 26 Apr 2007. Eduardo Infantes Oanes. © Eduardo Infantes Oanes.

© ABC Taxa. From: Coppejans, E., Leliaert, F., Dargent, O., Gunasekara, R., & De Clerck, O. (2009). Sri Lankan Seaweeds Methodologies and field guide to the dominant species. Vol. 6 pp. 1-265.: ABC Taxa..

1 2 Next

12 Found - Displaying 1 through 10

Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskål) J.Agardh

Publication details
Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskål) J.Agardh 1873: 35-36

Original publication: Agardh, J.G. (1873). Till algernes systematik. Nya bidrag. Lunds Universitets Års-Skrift, Afdelningen for Mathematik och Naturvetenskap 9(8): 1-71.

Type species
The type species (lectotype) of the genus Caulerpa is Caulerpa prolifera (Forsskål) J.V.Lamouroux.

Status of name
This name is of an entity that is currently accepted taxonomically.

Basionym
Fucus racemosus Forsskål

Type information
Type locality: Suez, Egypt (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996: 832). Type: C (Yoshida 1998: 101). Notes: Leg. P. Forsskål (Lipkin & Silva 2002: 65).

Origin of species name
Adjective (Latin), with flowers borne in racemes.

Homotypic Synonym(s)
Fucus racemosus Forsskål 1775

Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Chauvinia clavifera var. uvifera (C.Agardh) Kützing
Fucus clavifer Turner 1807
Caulerpa obtusa J.V.Lamouroux 1809
Fucus uvifer Turner 1811
Caulerpa uvifera C.Agardh 1817
Caulerpa clavifera (Turner) C.Agardh 1817
Caulerpa clavifera var. uvifera (C.Agardh) C.Agardh 1823
Chauvinia clavifera (Turner) Bory de Saint-Vincent 1829
Caulerpa racemosa var. uvifera (C.Agardh) J.Agardh 1873
Caulerpa racemosa f. requienii (Montagne) Weber van Bosse 1913
Caulerpa feldmannii Rayss & Edelstein 1960
Caulerpa racemosa var. disticha V.J.Chapman 1977

General environment
This is a Marine species.

Common names used in commerce, often for edible algae
sennarizuta {Jap}; nama {Fiji}; ar-arusip {Cagay}; latu {Cebu}

Usage notes
One of the three varieties occurring in the Mediterranean has invasive characteristics and has become aggressively widespread throughout the Mediterranean basin since the early 1990s; Piazzi et al. (2001) provided experimental evidence of its deleterious effects on macroalgal diversity on local scale. Verlaque et al. (2003), on the basis of molecular data, confirmed that this invasion is the result of a recent introduction and identified the invasive variety as C. racemosa var. cylindracea (Sonder) Verlaque, Huisman & Boudouresque.

Detailed distribution with sources
(as Caulerpa uvifera C.Agardh)
Australia and New Zealand: New South Wales (Huisman 2000), Norfolk Island (Huisman 2000), South Australia (Huisman 2000), Tasmania (Huisman 2000), Victoria (Huisman 2000), Western Australia (Huisman 2000).

(as Caulerpa clavifera (Turner) C.Agardh)
South America: Chile (Ramírez & Santelices 1991).

Australia and New Zealand: Queensland (Lewis 1987).

Atlantic Islands: Bermuda (Taylor 1960), Canary Islands (Gil-Rodríguez & Afonso-Carrillo 1980, Haroun Trabaue et al. 1985, Gil-Rodriguez, Afonso-Carrillo & Wildpret de la Torre 1987, Ballesteros, Sansón, Reyes, Afonso-Carrillo & Gil-Rodríguez 1992, Guadalupe et al. 1995, Haroun et al. 2002, Aldanondo-Aristizábal, Domínguez-Alvarez & Gil-Rodríguez 2003, Gil-Rodríguez et al. 2003, John et al. 2004, Barberá et al 2005, Barquín-Diez et al. 2005, Moreira-Reyes, Soler-Onís & Gil-Rodríguez 2005, Aldanondo-Aristizábal et al. 2005), Cape Verde Islands (John et al. 2004, Prud'homme van Reine, Haroun & Kostermans 2005), Madeira (Neto, Cravo & Haroun 2001, John et al. 2004), Salvage Islands (John et al. 2004).

North America: Florida (Taylor 1960, Dawes 1974), Mexico (Taylor 1960, Robledo & Freile-Pelegrín 2005).

Central America: Belize (Taylor 1960, Littler & Littler 1997), Costa Rica (Taylor 1960), Islas Revillagigedo (Taylor 1945), México (Pacific) (Pedroche et al. 2005), Panama (Taylor 1960, Taylor 1960, Kooistra 2002, Wysor & Kooistra 2003, Wysor 2004).

Caribbean Islands: Bahamas (Taylor 1960), Barbados (Taylor 1960, Taylor 1969), Caicos Islands (Taylor 1960), Caribbean (Littler & Littler 2000), Cuba (Taylor 1960, Cabrera, Moreira & Suárez 2004, Suárez 2005), Hispaniola (Taylor 1960), Jamaica (Taylor 1960), Lesser Antilles (Taylor 1960, Taylor 1969), Martinique (Rodríguez-Prieto, Michanek & Ivon 1999), Netherlands Antilles (Taylor 1960), Puerto Rico (Taylor 1960), Trinidad & Tobago (Taylor 1960, Richardson 1975, Duncan & Lee Lum 2006), Virgin Islands (Taylor 1960).

South America: Aves (Taylor 1960), Brazil (Taylor 1930, Taylor 1960, Joly 1965, Falcão & Menezes de Széchy 2005), Colombia (Taylor 1960), Peru (Ramírez & Santelices 1991), Venezuela (Taylor 1960, Ganesan 1990).

Indian Ocean Islands: Aldabra Islands (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996), Andaman Islands (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996), Laccadive Islands (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996), Maldives (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996), Nicobar Islands (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996), Réunion (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996), Seychelles (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996).

South-west Asia: Bangladesh (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996), Cyprus (Einav 2007), India (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996, Sahoo et al. 2001), Iran (Sohrabipour & Rabii 1999), Israel (Verlaque, Boudouresque, Meinesz & Gravez 2000, Einav 2007), Jordan (Papenfuss 1968), Lebanon (Verlaque, Boudouresque, Meinesz & Gravez 2000, Einav 2007), Pakistan (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996), Saudi Arabia (Papenfuss 1968), Sri Lanka (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996, Coppejans et al. 2009), Syria (Verlaque, Boudouresque, Meinesz & Gravez 2000, Einav 2007), Turkey (Asia) (Taskin et al. 2008 ), Yemen (Papenfuss 1968, Silva, Basson & Moe 1996).

Asia: Hong Kong (Wang et al. 2008), Korea (Lee & Kang 2001).

South-east Asia: Indonesia (Verheij & Prud'homme van Reine 1993, Silva, Basson & Moe 1996), Malaysia (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996), Myanmar (Burma) (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996), Philippines (Silva, Meñez & Moe 1987), Singapore (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996), Vietnam (Pham-Hoàng 1969, Hodgson et al. 2004).

Australia and New Zealand: Lord Howe Island (Lewis 1987, Kraft 2000, Kraft 2007), New Zealand (Adams 1994), Papua New Guinea (Coppejans et al. 2001, Littler & Littler 2003), Queensland (Lewis 1987, Phillips 1997, Phillips 2002, Kraft 2007), Western Australia (Huisman & Borowitzka 2003).

Pacific Islands: American Samoa (Skelton et al. 2004), Federated States of Micronesia (Lobban & Tsuda 2003), Fiji (N'Yeurt, South & Keats 1996, South & Skelton 2003), French Polynesia (Payri, N'Yeurt & Orempuller 2000), Hawaiian Islands (Magruder & Hunt 1979, Abbott & Huisman, 2004, Hodgson et al. 2004, Beach et al. 2006), Samoan Archipelago (Skelton & South 1999), Wake Atoll (Tsuda, Abbott & Foster 2006).

(as Caulerpa racemosa var. uvifera (C.Agardh) J.Agardh)
North America: Florida (Dawes 1974).

South America: Brazil (Taylor 1930, Joly 1957, Joly 1965), Galápagos Islands (Taylor 1945).

Africa: Mauritius (Børgesen 1951).

Asia: Japan (Yoshida, Nakajima & Nakata 1990, Yoshida 1998).

Australia and New Zealand: Queensland (Lewis 1987).

Pacific Islands: Fiji (N'Yeurt, South & Keats 1996), Marshall Islands (Taylor 1950), Solomon Islands (Womersley & Bailey 1970).

(as Caulerpa racemosa f. requienii (Montagne) Weber van Bosse)
South-west Asia: Turkey (Asia) (Taskin et al. 2008).

Asia: Japan (Yoshida, Nakajima & Nakata 1990).

Taxonomic notes
John et al. (2004) cite Caulerpa racemosa (Forssk) J. Agardh var. peltata (J.V. Lamour.) Eubank, Caulerpa peltata J.V. Lamour, Caulerpa occidentalis (J. Agardh) Jaasund and Caulerpa lamourouxii C. agardh as synonyms of this species.

Nomenclatural notes
Børgesen (1940) cites this species as Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskål) Weber van Bosse.

Key references
Braune, W. (2008). Meeresalgen. Ein Farbbildführer zu den verbreiteten benthischen Grün- Braun- und Rotalgen der Weltmeere. pp. [1]-596, 266 pls. Ruggell: A.R.G. Gantner Verlag.

Hodgson, L.M. Pham Huu Tri, Lewmanomont, K. & McDermid, K.J. (2004). Annotated checklist of species of Caulerpa and Caulerpella (Bryopsidales, Caulerpaceae) from Vietnam, Thailand and the Hawaiian Islands. In: Taxonomy of Economic Seaweeds with reference to the Pacific and other locations Volume IX. (Abbott, I.A. & McDermid, K.J. Eds) Vol.9, pp. 21-38.

Kraft, G.T. (2007). Algae of Australia. Marine benthic algae of Lord Howe Island and the southern Great Barrier Reef, 1. Green algae. pp. [i-iv], v-vi, 1-347, 110 text-figs; 11 pls. Canberra & Melbourne: Australian Biological Resources Study & CSIRO Publishing.

Lam, D.W. & Zechman, F.W. (2006). Phylogenetic analyses of the Bryopsidales (Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyta) based on RUBISCO large subunit gene sequences. Journal of Phycology 42: 669-678.

Lipkin, Y. & Silva, P.C. (2002). Marine algae and seagrasses of the Dahlak Archipelago, southern Red Sea. Nova Hedwigia 75: 1-90, 7 figs.

Littler, D.S. & Littler, M.M. (1997). An illustrated flora of the Pelican Cays, Belize. Bulletin of the Biological Society of Washington 9: 1-149, 190 figs..

Nuber, N., Gornik, O., Lauc, G., Bauer, N., Zuljevic, A., Papes, D. & Zoldos, V. (2007). Genetic evidence for the identity of Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskal) J. Agardh (Caulerpales, Chlorophyta) in the Adriatic Sea. European Journal of Phycology 42: 113-120.

Pedroche, F.F., Silva, P.C., Aguilar-Rosas, L.E., Dreckmann, K.M. & Aguilar-Rosas, R. (2005). Catálogo de las algas marinas bentónicas del Pacífico de México. I. Chlorophycota. pp. i-viii, 17-146. Ensenada, México: Universidad Autónoma de Baja California.

Silva, P.C., Basson, P.W. & Moe, R.L. (1996). Catalogue of the benthic marine algae of the Indian Ocean. University of California Publications in Botany 79: 1-1259.

Skelton, P.A. & South, G.R. (2007). The benthic marine algae of the Samoan Archipelago, South Pacific, with emphasis on the Apia District. Nova Hedwigia Beihefte 132: 1-350.

Stam, W.T., Olsen, J.L., Zaleski, S.F., Murray, S.N., Brown, K.R. & Walters, L.J. (2006). A forensic and phylogenetic survey of Caulerpa species (Caulerpales, Chlorophyta) from the Florida coast, local aquarium shops, and e-commerce: establishing a proactive baseline for early detection. Journal of Phycology 42: 1113-1124.

Zemke-White, W.L. & Ohno, M. (1999). World seaweed utilisation: an end-of-century summary. Journal of Applied Phycology 11: 369-376.

SAG Cultures
No records have been found on the SAG site.

NCBI Nucleotide Sequences
As of 2 June 2009, nucleotide sequence data are available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Genbank for 245 samples identified as Caulerpa racemosa.

KU-MACC Cultures
Strain Number: KU-1533, Caulerpa racemosa
Go to KU-MACC Site

Created: 16 September 1997 by M.D. Guiry

Verified by: 22 June 2010 by Wendy Guiry

Accesses: This record has been accessed by users 11486 times since it was created.

References
(Please note: only references with the binomials in the title are included. The information is from the Literature database.)

Aleem, A.A. (1992). Caulerpa racemosa (Chlorophyta) on the Mediterranean coast of Egypt. Phycologia 31: 205-206.
Alongi, G., Cormaci, M., Furnari, G. & Giaccone, G. (1993). Prima segnalazione di Caulerpa racemosa (Chlorophyceae, Caulerpales) per le coste italiane. Boll. Acc. Gioenia Sci. Nat. 26(342): 49-53.
Ballesteros, E., Grau, A.M. & Riera, F. (1999). Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskål) J. Agardh (Caulerpales, Chlorophyta) a Mallorca. Boll. Soc. Hist. Nat. Balears 42: 63-68.
Blazina, M., Ivesa, L. & Najdek, M. (2009). Caulerpa racemosa: adaptive varieties studied by fatty acid composition (Northern Adriatic Sea, Vrsar, Croatia). European Journal of Phycology 44(2): 183-189, 4 figs, 1 table.
Buia, M.C., Petrocelli, A. & Saracino, O.D. (1998). Caulerpa racemosa spread in the Mediterranean Sea: first record in the Gulf of Taranto. Biologia Marina Mediterranea 52: 527-529.
Capiomont, A., Breugnot, E., den Haan, M. & Meinesz, A. (2005). Phenology of a deep-water population of Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Botanica Marina 48: 80-83.
Ceccherelli, G. & Campo, D. (2002). Different effects of Caulerpa racemosa on two co-occurring seagrasses in the Mediterranean. Botanica Marina 45: 71-76.
Ceccherelli, G. & Piazzi, L. (2005). Exploring the success of manual eradication of Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea (Caulerpales, Chlorophyta): the effect of habitat. Cryptogamie 26: 319-328.
Chauhan, V.D. & Thivy, F. (1965). On a new form of Caulerpa racemosa from Gujarat, India. Phykos 4: 10-11, 9 figs.
Cirik, S. & Öztürk, B. (1991). Notes sur la présence d'une forme rare du Caulerpa racemosa, en Méditerranée orientale.. Flora Mediterranea 1: 217-219.
Crawford, G. H. & Richardson, W. N. (1972). Heterotrophic potential of the macroscopic alga Caulerpa racemosa. Proceedings of the International Seaweed Symposium 7: 262.
Durand, C., Manuel, M., Boudouresque C.F., Meinesz A., Verlaque M. & Le Parco Y. (2002). Molecular data suggest a hybrid origin for the invasive Caulerpa racemosa (Caulerpales, Chlorophyta) in the Mediterranean Sea. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 15: 122-133.
Enomoto, S. & Ohba, H. (1987). Culture studies on Caulerpa (Caulerpales, Chlorophyceae) I. Reproduction and development of C. racemosa var. laetevirens. Japanese Journal of Phycology 35: 167-177.
Famà, P., Olsen, J.L., Stam, W.T. & Procaccini, G. (2000). High levels of intra- and inter-individual polymorphism in the rDNA ITS1 of Caulerpa racemosa (Chlorophyta. European Journal of Phycology 35: 349-356.
Flagella, M.M., Lorenti, M. & Buia, M.C. (2008). Temperature response in a shallow-water Mediterranean population of Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea (Caulerpales, Chlorophyta), and a possible strategy of season anticipation. Botanica Marina 51(4): 278-277.
Giaccone, G. & Di Martino, V. (1996). La vegetazione a Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskal) J. Agardh nella Baia di S. Panagia (Sicilia Sud-Orientale). Boll. Acc. Gioenia Sci. Nat. Catania 28: 59-73.
Huvá, H. (1957). Sur une variété nouvelle pour la méditeranée du Caulerpa racemosa (Forssk.) Agardh. Rec. Trav. Station mar. d'Endoume 12: 67-73.
Lipkin, Y. & Friedmann, I. (1967). Persistent juvenile stage of Caulerpa racemosa (Forskål) Agardh in the eastern Mediterranean. Pubblicazioni della Stazione Zoologica di Napoli 35: 243-249.
Moreira-Reyes, A. & Gil-Rodríguez, M.C. (2008). Variaciones espaciales y temporales de Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea (Chlorophycota) en Los Cristianos e Igueste de San Andrés, Tenerife, Islas Canarias. Vieraea 36: 91-102.
Nuber, N., Gornik, O., Lauc, G., Bauer, N., Zuljevic, A., Papes, D. & Zoldos, V. (2007). Genetic evidence for the identity of Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskal) J. Agardh (Caulerpales, Chlorophyta) in the Adriatic Sea. European Journal of Phycology 42: 113-120.
Ohba, H. & Enomoto, S. (1987). Culture studies on Caulerpa (Caulerpales, Chlorophyceae). II. Morphological variation of C. racemosa var. leatevirens under various culture conditions. Japanese Journal of Phycology 35: 178-188.
Ohba, H., Nashima, H. & Enomoto, S. (1992). Culture studies on Caulerpa (Caulerpales, Chlorophyceae) III. Reproduction, development and morphological variation of laboratory-cultured C. racemosa var. peltata. Botanical Magazine, Tokyo 105: 589-600, 27 figs.
Pena Martín, C., Cristóbal Fernanz, J. C., Crespo, B. & Sánchez, M. (2003). Caulerpa racemosa (Forssk.) J. Agardh (Caulerpaceae, Chlorophyceae), nueva para la flora de Alicante. Anales Jardín Botánico de Madrid 60: 448-449.
Piazzi, L., Balestri, E. & Cinelli 1994 (1994). Presence of Caulerpa racemosa in the northwestern Mediterranean. Cryptogamie, Algologie 15: 183-189.
Piazzi, L., Balestri, E. & Cinelli, F. (1994). Presence of Caulerpa racemosa in the north-western Mediterranean. Cryptogamie, Algologie 15: 183-189, 4 figs.
Piazzi, L., Balestri, E., Magri, M. & Cinelli, F. (1997). Expansion de l'algue tropicale Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskal) J. Agardh (Bryopsidophyceae, Chlorophyta) le long de la côte Toscane (Italie). Cryptogamie, Algologie 18(4): 343-350.
Piazzi, L., Ceccherelli, G. & Cinelli, F. (2001). Threat to macroalgal diversity: effects of the introduced green alga Caulerpa racemosa in the Mediterranean. Marine Ecology Progress Series 210: 149-159.
Piazzi, L., Meinesz, A., Verlaque, M., Açali, B., Antolic, B., Argyrou, M., Baltana, D., Ballesteros, E., Calvo, S., Cinelli, F., Cirik, S., Cossu, A., d'Archino, R., Djellouli, A.S., Javel, F., Lanfranco, E., Mifsud, C., Pala, D., Panayotidis, P., Peirano, A., Pergent, G., Petrocelli, A., Ruitton, S., Zuljevic, A. & Ceccherelli, G. (2005). Invasion of Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea (Caulerpales, Chlorophyta) in the Mediterranean Sea: an assessment of the spread. Cryptogamie, Algologie 26: 189-202.
Rehm, A.E. & Almodovar, L.R. (1971). The zonation of Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskal) J. Agardh at La Parguerra, Puerto Rico. Revue Algologique, Nouvelle Serie 2: 143-151.
Renoncourt, L. & Meinesz, A. (2002). Formation of propagules on an invasive strain of Caulerpa racemosa (Chlorophyta) in the Mediterranean Sea (Research Note). Phycologia 41: 533-535.
Ruiz Fernández, J.M., Ramos Segura, A. & García Muñoz, R. (2007). Aparición y propagación del alga tropical Caulerpa racemosa en el litoral de la región de Murcia. IEO: revista Inst. Español Oceanogr. 8: 29-34.
Sotto, F. (1978). The culture of Caulerpa racemosa in Kalawisan, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines: a potential for the seaweed industry. Philippine Scientist, University of San Carlos 15: 109-111.
Verlaque, M., Afonso-Carillo, J., Gil-Rodríguez, M.C., Durand, C., Boudouresque, C.F. & Le Parco, Y. 2004 (2004). Blitzkrieg in a marine invasion: Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta) reaches the Canary Islands (north-east Atlantic). Biological Invasions 6: 269-281.
Verlaque, M., Boudouresque, C.-F., Meinesz, A. & Gravez, V. (2000). The Caulerpa racemosa complex (Caulerpales, Ulvophyceae) in the Mediterranean Sea. Botanica Marina 43: 49-68, 18 figs, 3 tables.
Verlaque, M., Durand, C., Huisman, J.M., Boudouresque, C-F., & Le Parco, Y. (2003). On the identity and origin of the Mediterranean invasive Caulerpa racemosa (Caulerpales, Chlorophyta). European Journal of Phycology 38: 325-339.
Wang, H., Li, Y.-L., Shen, W.-Z., Rui, W., Ma, X.-J. & Cen, Y.-Z. (2007). Antiviral activity of a sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG) compound isolated from the green alga Caulerpa racemosa. Botanica Marina 50(3): 185-190.