Bangia atropurpurea (Mertens ex Roth) C.Agardh

Classification:
Empire Eukaryota
Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Rhodophyta
Subphylum Eurhodophytina
Class Bangiophyceae
Subclass Bangiophycidae
Order Bangiales
Family Bangiaceae
Genus Bangia

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Pictures

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In tufa deposits, Caher River, Fanore, Ireland. Collected by Melinda Lyons.. 04 Jun 2011. © C.F.Carter (chris.carter@6cvw.freeuk.com).

In tufa deposits, Caher River, Fanore, Ireland. Collected by Melinda Lyons.. © C.F.Carter (chris.carter@6cvw.freeuk.com).

Young filament at three focus points. Oxford Canal, near Claydon, on a lock gate, October 2009. 23 Oct 2009. © C.F.Carter(chris.carter@6cvw.freeuk.com).

Transverse section. Oxford Canal, near Claydon, UK. On a lock gate.. 23 Oct 2009. © C.F.Carter(chris.carter@6cvw.freeuk.com).

Wedge-shaped cell (arrowed) at three focus points. Oxford Canal, near Claydon, UK. On a lock gate.. 23 Oct 2009. © C.F.Carter(chris.carter@6cvw.freeuk.com).

Attachment structure. Oxford Canal, near Claydon, UK. On a lock gate.. 23 Oct 2009. © C.F.Carter(chris.carter@6cvw.freeuk.com).

Older filament with stacked stellate chloroplasts. Oxford Canal, near Claydon, UK. On a lock gate.. 23 Oct 2009. © C.F.Carter(chris.carter@6cvw.freeuk.com).

Growing on Cladophora. Oxford Canal, near Claydon, UK. On a lock gate.. 23 Oct 2009. © C.F.Carter(chris.carter@6cvw.freeuk.com).

Newly growing filament. Oxford Canal, near Claydon, UK. On a lock gate.. 23 Oct 2009. © C.F.Carter(chris.carter@6cvw.freeuk.com).

Bamfield Inlet, Barkley Sound, British Columbia, Canada. Colin Bates (colinba@interchange.ubc.ca). © Coastal Imageworks (colinba@interchange.ubc.ca).

Bangia atropurpurea (Mertens ex Roth) C.Agardh Young filament at three focus points. Oxford Canal, near Claydon, on a lock gate, October 2009

Publication details
Bangia atropurpurea (Mertens ex Roth) C.Agardh 1824: 76

Original publication: Agardh, C.A. (1824). Systema Algarum. pp. [i]-xxxvii, [1]-312. Lundae [Lund]: Literis Berlingianis [Berling].
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Type species
This is the type species (lectotype) of the genus Bangia.

Status of name
This name is of an entity that is currently accepted taxonomically.

Basionym
Conferva atropurpurea Mertens ex Roth

Type information
Type locality: Ad rotas molendinas Bremae in Visurgi primo ob. Julio 1801 Mertens, qui sub nomine Confervae castaneae comm. [Watermill on the Weser River, Bremen first observed in July 1801 by Mertens who communicated it under the name Conferva castanea] (Roth 1806: 208). Neotype: BM 000637980 (Müller et al. 2003: 216). Notes: Lectotype: Collected by Mertens from the Weser River at Bremen: lectotypified by Pfeiffer (1871-1873: 361) (Sutherland et al 2011). Neotype designated by Müller et al (2003: 216): Ysselmeer, Netherlands; coll. K. Müller & A. Sherwood, 24 May 1998; BM accession Number BM000637980. Roth's collection is believed to have been destroyed in World War II (Koster 1957 cited by Müller et al. 2003; Koster 1969 cited by Womersley 1994). [INA: England: Hampshire: near Southampton (Mr Woods); Wales: Camarthenshire: near Pontardylais. Collector: Mertens (vii 1801)].

Origin of species name
Adjective (Latin), black-purple (Stearn 1973).

Homotypic Synonym(s)
Conferva atropurpurea Mertens ex Roth 1806
Oscillatoria atropurpurea (Roth) C.Agardh 1817
Bangia fuscopurpurea var. atropurpurea (Roth) Lyngbye 1819
Bangiella atropurpurea (Roth) Gaillon 1833
Bangiadulcis atropurpurea (Roth) W.A.Nelson 2007

Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Bangia fuscopurpurea var. lejolisii (De Notaris) Rabenhorst 1868

General environment
This is a freshwater species.

Common names

(as Bangia atropurpurea (Mertens ex Roth) C.Agardh)
Swedish: Purpurtråd (Tolstoy & Österlund 2003).

Description
Gelatinous, unbranched, blackish-purple filaments, at first uniseriate later multiseriate, attached by rhizoidal outgrowths from basal and adjacent cells. Cells with central star-shaped chloroplast with pyrenoid.

Habitat
On rock, wood, etc., as fleecy mat, especially at high tide level on exposed coasts in autumn and winter, disappearing in spring or early summer, at other times present as sparse filaments in shade at all levels and subtidally. Widely distributed, seasonally abundant.

Detailed distribution with sources
(as Conferva atropurpurea Mertens ex Roth)
Europe: Netherlands (Müller et al. 2003).

(as Bangia atropurpurea (Mertens ex Roth) C.Agardh)
Ireland: Antrim (McMillan & Morton 1979, Morton 1994), Clare (Pybus 1977, Guiry 1978, De Valéra et al. 1979, Maggs 1983), Derry (Morton 1994), Donegal (Morton 2003), Down (Morton 1994), Galway (Pybus 1977, Guiry 1978, Maggs 1983), Waterford (Guiry 1978).

Europe: Adriatic (Giaccone 1978), Balearic Islands (Cremades 1989), Baltic Sea (Nielsen et al. 1995), Britain (Guiry 1997, Sheath & Sherwood 2002, Hardy & Guiry 2003, Whitton et al. 2003), Faroe Islands (Irvine 1982, Nielsen & Gunnarsson 2001), France (Ben Maiz, Boudouresque, Lauret & Riouall 1988, Verlaque 2001, Dizerbo & Herpe 2007, Anon. 2012), Germany (Boekeker & Karsten 2005, Täuscher 2011), Greece (Athanasiadis 1987, Boekeker & Karsten 2005), Helgoland (Bartsch & Kuhlenkamp 2000), Ireland (Sheath & Sherwood 2002), Italy (Furnari, Cormaci & Serio 1999, Rindi, Sartoni & Cinelli 2002, Furnari et al. 2003, Furnari et al. 2003, Furnari et al. 2003, Furnari et al. 2003), Netherlands (Stegenga & Mol 1983), Norway (Rueness 1997), Portugal (Araújo, Bárbara & Sousa-Pinto in press), Romania (Caraus 2002, Caraus 2012), Sardinia (Furnari et al. 2003), Scandinavia (Athanasiadis 1996), Slovenia (Vrhovsek et al. 2006), Spain (Ballesteros 1981, Ballesteros & Romero 1982, Pérez-Cirera & Maldonado 1982, Alvárez Cobelas 1984, Gallardo et al. 1985, Rodriguez Prieto & Polo Alberti 1988, Soto & Conde 1989, Sabater, Aboal & Cambra 1989, Granja, Cremades & Barbara 1992, Guillermes, Cremades & Pérez-Cirera 1994, Bárbara, Cremades & Pérez-Cirera 1995, Bárbara & Cremades 1996, Conde et al. 1996, Rodriguez-Prieto et al. 1997, Cremades, Bárbara, Granja & Veiga 1997, Veiga, Cremades & Bárbara 1998, Peña & Bárbara 2002, Gorostiaga et al., 2004, Bárbara et al. 2005, Bárbara et al. 2005, Cires Rodriguez & Cuesta Moliner 2010), Sweden (Tolstoy & Österlund 2003), Turkey (Europe) (Cirik, Zeybeck, Aysel & Cirik 1990, Taskin et al. 2008).

Atlantic Islands: Azores (Neto 1994, Tittley & Neto 1994, Tittley & Neto 2005), Canary Islands (John, Price, Maggs & Lawson 1979, Gil-Rodríguez & Afonso-Carrillo 1980, Guadalupe et al. 1995, Haroun et al. 2002, Gil-Rodríguez et al. 2003, John et al. 2004, Anon 2011), Greenland (Boekeker & Karsten 2005), Madeira (Neto, Cravo & Haroun 2001, John et al. 2004).

North America: Florida (Schneider & Searles 1991), Georgia (Schneider & Searles 1991), Maine (Mathieson et al. 2001 ), New Brunswick (Bates et al. 2005), New Hampshire (Mathieson & Hehre 1986), North Carolina (Schneider & Searles 1991, Boekeker & Karsten 2005), Oregon (Hansen 1997), South Carolina (Schneider & Searles 1991).

South America: Chile (Ramírez & Santelices 1991, Hoffmann & Santelices 1997), Colombia (Díaz-Pulido & Díaz-Ruíz 2003), Peru (Ramírez & Santelices 1991), Uruguay (Coll & Oliveira 1999).

Africa: Benin (Lawson & John 1987, John, Lawson & Ameka, 2003), Egypt (Aleem 1993), Gabon (Lawson & John 1987, John, Lawson & Ameka, 2003, John et al. 2004), Ghana (Lawson & John 1987, John, Lawson & Ameka, 2003, John et al. 2004), Morocco (Gil-Rodriguez & Socorro Hernández 1986), Nigeria (John, Price, Maggs & Lawson 1979, Lawson & John 1987, John, Lawson & Ameka, 2003, John et al. 2004), Senegal (John et al. 2004), South Africa (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996, Stegenga, Bolton & Anderson 1997), Tunisia (Ben Maiz, Boudouresque & Quahchi 1987).

Indian Ocean Islands: St. Paul Island (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996).

South-west Asia: India (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996, Sahoo et al. 2001), Kuwait (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996), Pakistan (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996), Turkey (Asia) (Taskin et al. 2008).

Asia: China (Hu & Wei 2006), Commander Islands (Selivanova & Zhigadlova 1997), Japan (Yoshida, Nakajima & Nakata 1990, Yoshida 1998), Korea (Lee & Kang 2001), Russia (Perestenko 1980, Kozhenkova 2009), Taiwan (Huang 2000, Anon. 2012).

South-east Asia: Philippines (Silva, Meñez & Moe 1987), Vietnam (Abbott, Fisher & McDermid 2002).

Australia and New Zealand: Australia (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996), New South Wales (Womersley 1994), New Zealand (Nelson & Phillips 1996), Queensland (Lewis 1984, Womersley 1994 , Phillips 1997, Phillips 2002, Bostock & Holland 2010), South Australia (Womersley 1994, Boekeker & Karsten 2005), Tasmania (Womersley 1994), Victoria (Womersley 1994), Western Australia (Womersley 1994).

Pacific Islands: Easter Island (Ramírez & Müller 1991), Hawaiian Islands (Abbott 1999).

Antarctic and the subantarctic islands: Antarctica/Subantarctic Islands (Wiencke & Clayton 2002), King George Island (Wiencke & Clayton 2002, Boekeker & Karsten 2005), South Shetland Islands (Wiencke & Clayton 2002).

(as Bangia fuscopurpurea var. lejolisii (De Notaris) Rabenhorst)
Europe: Britain (Newton 1931).

(as Bangiadulcis atropurpurea (Roth) W.A.Nelson)
Europe: Bulgaria (Berov et al. 2012), Romania (Caraus 2012).

Taxonomic notes
Based on molecular data, as well as chromosome number and morphology, Müller et al. (2003: 217) propose that B. atropurpurea should be re-recognized as a distinct species, separate from Bangia populations found in the marine environment. They suggest that marine populations should continue to be recognized as B. fuscopurpurea until their complex relationships can be resolved. - (18 May 2009) - Wendy Guiry

Source of synonymy
Nelson, W.A. (2007). Bangiadulcis gen. nov.: a new genus for freshwater filamentous Bangiales (Rhodophyta). Taxon 56: 883-886.

Key references
Abbott, I.A., Fisher, J. & McDermid, K.J. (2002). Newly reported and revised marine algae from the vicinity of Nha Trang, Vietnam. In: Taxonomy of Economic Seaweeds with reference to some Pacific species. Vol. VIII. (Abbott, I.A. & Mcdermid, K.J. Eds) Vol. 8, pp. 291-321. Oceanographic Institute, Nha Trang, Vietnam: California Sea Grant College.

Bates, C.R., Saunders, G.W. & Chopin, T. (2005). An assessment of two taxonomic distinctness indices for detecting seaweed assemblage responses to environmental stress. Botanica Marina 48: 231-243.

Boedeker, C. & Karsten, U. (2005). The occurrence of mycosporine-like amino acids in the gametophytic and sporophytic stages of Bangia (Bangiales, Rhodophyta). Phycologia 44: 403-408.

Brodie, J. & Irvine, L.M. (2003). Seaweeds of the British Isles. Volume 1. Rhodophyta. Part 3B. Bangiophycidae. pp. i-xiii, 1-167, map. Andover: Intercept.

Eloranta, P., Kwandrans, J. & Kusel-Fetzmann, E. (2011). Rhodophyceae and Phaeophyceae. In: Süßwasserflora von Mitteleuropa Band 7. Freshwater flora of Central Europe. Volume 7. (Schagerl, M. Eds), pp. [i]-x, [1]-155. Heidelberg: Spectrum Akademischer Verlag.

Ghoshrov, S. & Robertson, D.L. (2012). Molecular evolution of glutamine synthetase II and III in the chromalveolates. Journal of Phycology 48(3): 768-783.

Müller, K.M., Cole, K.M. & Sheath, R.G. (2003). Systematics of Bangia (Bangiales, Rhodophyta) in North America. II. Biogeographical trends in karyology: chromosome numbers and linkage with gene sequence phylogenetic trees. Phycologia 42: 209-219.

Schubert, N., Garcia-Mendoza, E. & Pacheco-Ruiz, I. (2006). Carotenoid composition of marine red algae. Journal of Phycology 42: 1208-1216.

Womersley, H.B.S. (1994). The marine benthic flora of southern Australia - Part IIIA - Bangiophyceae and Florideophyceae (Acrochaetiales, Nemaliales, Gelidiales, Hildenbrandiales and Gigartinales sensu lato). pp. 1-508, 167 figs, 4 pls, 4 maps. Canberra: Australian Biological Resources Study.

UTEX Cultures
UTEX Culture LB 2617 Bangia atropurpurea
Go to UTEX Site

CCAP Cultures
CCAP Strain Number 1361/2 Bangia atropurpurea (Mertens ex Roth) C.Agardh atro-purpurea
Go to CCAP Site

SAG Cultures
SAG Cultures may be viewed at http://sagdb.uni-goettingen.de/showstrains.php?genus=Bangia&species=atropurpurea

SCCAP Cultures
Cultures from the Scandinavian Culture Collection of Algae at the University of Copenhagen (SCCAP) and Protozoa may be viewed at http://www.sccap.dk/search/algaebase.asp?Genus=Bangia&Species=atropurpurea

NCBI Nucleotide Sequences

Created: 15 December 1997 by M.D. Guiry

Verified by: 01 September 2012 by M.D. Guiry

Accesses: This record has been accessed by users 5621 times since it was created.

References
(Please note: only references with the binomials in the title are included. The information is from the Literature database.)

Alongi, G. (1998). Struttura e periodismo del popolamento a Bangia atropurpurea (Bangiales, Rhodophyta) in due stazioni della Sicilia orientale. Boll. Acc. Gioenia Sci. Nat. 30(353): , 7 figs, 3 tables.
Belcher, J.H. (1956). On the occurrence of Bangia atropurpurea (Roth) Ag. in a freshwater site in Britain. Hydrobiologia 8: 298-299.
Belcher, J.H. (1960). Culture studies of Bangia atropurpurea (Roth) Ag.. New Phytologist 59: 367-373.
Charnofsky, K., Towill, L.R. & Sommerfeld, M.R. (1982). Light requirements for the monospore germination in Bangia atropurpurea (Rhodophyta). Journal of Phycology 18: 417-422, 5 figs, 3 tables.
Chou, H.-N. & Jeng, J.-M. (1993). High performance liquid chromotography of biliprotein from Bangia atropurpurea 'Conchocelis'. Proceedings of the International Seaweed Symposium 14: 571-576.
Cole, K.M., Park, C.M., Reid, P.E. & Sheath, R.G. (1985). Comparative studies on the cell walls of sexual and asexual Bangia atropurpurea (Rhodophyta). I. Histochemistry of polysaccharides. Journal of Phycology 21: 585-592.
Cole, K.M., Park, C.M., Reid, P.E. & Sheath, R.G. (1986). Comparative studies on the cell walls of sexual and asexual Bangia atropurpurea (Rhodophyta). II. Electrophoretic patterns of polysaccharides. Journal of Phycology 22: 406-409.
Eaton, J.W. & Meaden, D.F. (1981). The occurrence and ecology of Bangia atropurpurea in the Leeds and Liverpool Canal. British Phycological Journal 16: 134-135.
Gargiulo, G.M., Culoso, F., Genovese, G. & De Masi, F. (1996). Karyology and effects of temperature and photoperiod on the life-history of Bangia atropurpurea (Roth) C. Agardh (Bangiales, Rhodophyta) from the Mediterranean Sea. Cryptogamie, Algologie 17(1): 45-55.
Gargiulo, G.M., Demasi, F. & Tripodi, G. (1991). Karyology of Bangia-Atropurpurea (Rhodophyta, Bangiales) from Mediterranean and Northeastern Atlantic Populations. Journal of Phycology 27: 306-309.
Gargiulo, G.M., Genovese, G., Morabito, M., Culoso, F. & De Masi, F. (2001). Sexual and asexual reproduction in a freshwater population of Bangia atropurpurea (Bangiales, Rhodophyta) from eastern Sicily (Italy). Phycologia 40: 88-96.
Graham, J.M. & Graham, L.E. (1987). Growth and reproduction of Bangia atropurpurea (Roth) C. Ag. (Rhodophyta) from the Laurentian Great Lakes. Aquatic Botany 28: 317-331.
Gretz, M.R., Aronson, J.M. & Sommerfeld, M.R. (1986). Cell wall composition of the conchocelis phases of Bangia atropurpurea and Porphyra leucosticta. Botanica Marina 29: 91-96.
Gretz, M.R., McCandless, E.L., Aronson, J.M. & Sommerfeld, M.R. (1983). The galactan sulphates of the conchocelis phases of Porphyra leucosticta and Bangia atropurpurea. J. Exp. Bot. 34: 705-711.
Gretz, M.R., Sommerfeld, M.R. & Aronson, J.M. (1982). Cell wall composition of the generic phase of Bangia atropurpurea (Rhodophyta). Botanica Marina 25: 529-535.
Nichols, H.W. & Veith, G.M. (1978). Development of Bangia atropurpurea. Phytomorphology 28: 322-328.
Reed, R.H. (1985). Osmoacclimation in Bangia atropurpurea (Rhodophyta, Bangiales): the osmotic role of floridoside. British Phycological Journal 20: 211-218, 3 figs.
Scannell, M.J.P. (1972). Bangia atropurpurea (Roth) Ag. in Lough Derg, River Shannon. Irish Naturalists' Journal 17: 206-207.
Scannell, M.J.P. (1972). Bangia Atropurpurea (Roth) AG. in Lough Derg, River Shannon. The Irish Naturalists' Journal 17: 206-207.
Sheath, R.G. & Cole, K.M. (1980). Distribution and salinity adaptations of Bangia atropurpurea (Rhodophyta), a putative migrant into the Laurentian great lakes. Journal of Phycology 16: 412-420.
Sheath, R.G., VanAlstyne, K.L. & Cole, K.M. (1985). Distribution, seasonality and reproductive phenology of Bangia atropurpurea (Rhodophyta) in Rhode Island, U.S.A.. Journal of Phycology 21: 297-303.
Spitale, D., Scalfi, A., Angeli, N. & Cantonati, M. (2012). Fine-scale spatial patterns of mature and immature filaments and bioorganic compounds of the rhodophyte Bangia atropurpurea in the supra- and eulittoral zones of a large lake (Note). Journal of Phycology 48(6): 1530-1534.
Youngs, H.L., Gretz, M.R., West, J.A. & Sommerfeld, M.R. (1998). The cell wall chemistry of Bangia atropurpurea (Bangiales, Rhodophyta) and Bostrychia moritziana (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta) from marine and freshwater environments. Phycological Research 46: 63-73, 2 figs, 3 tables.

Linking to this page: http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=1436

Citing AlgaeBase
Cite this record as:
M.D. Guiry in Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 2013. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org; searched on 21 May 2013.

Algaebase taxon LSID: urn:lsid:algaebase.org:taxname:101541