Gracilaria gracilis (Stackhouse) M.Steentoft, L.M.Irvine & W.F.Farnham

Classification:
Empire Eukaryota
Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Rhodophyta
Subphylum Eurhodophytina
Class Florideophyceae
Subclass Rhodymeniophycidae
Order Gracilariales
Family Gracilariaceae
Genus Gracilaria

• Uses and Compounds
• Aquaculture Methods
• Aquaculture Data
• Taxonomy
• References
• Submit Feedback
• Submit Reference
• Links
• Genbank
• Index Nominum Algarum
• Google
• Biodiversity Heritage Library

Pictures

click on thumbnail for larger version.

upper subtidal, Islas Cíes, Galicia, Spain, 2012. Ignacio Bárbara. © Ignacio Bárbara (barbara@udc.es).

Silver Strand, Galway Bay, Ireland. 06 Apr 2012. M.D. Guiry. © M.D. Guiry (mike.guiry@nuigalway.ie).

Brittany, France, 2011. Ignacio Bárbara. © Ignacio Bárbara (barbara@udc.es).

Finavarra, Co. Clare, Ireland. 14 Jun 2011. M.D. Guiry. © M.D. Guiry (mike.guiry@nuigalway.ie).

Finavarra, Co. Clare, Ireland. 14 Jun 2011. M.D. Guiry. © M.D. Guiry (mike.guiry@nuigalway.ie).

Finavarra, Co. Clare, Ireland. 14 Jun 2011. M.D. Guiry. © M.D. Guiry (mike.guiry@nuigalway.ie).

Zeeland delta, Netherlands. 26 Mar 2011. Mat Vestjens & Anne Frijsinger. © Mat Vestjens & Anne Frijsinger (annenmat@natuurlijkmooi.net).

Gracilaria gracilis Clougher Strand, Co. Kerry, Ireland. 11 Aug 2010. M.D. Guiry. © Michael Guiry (mike.guiry@nuigalway.ie).

Clougher Strand, Co. Kerry, Ireland. 11 Aug 2010. M.D. Guiry. © Michael Guiry (mike.guiry@nuigalway.ie).

Smerwick Harbour, Co. Kerry, Ireland. 12 Aug 2010. M.D. Guiry. © Michael Guiry (mike.guiry@nuigalway.ie).

1  2  3  4  5  Next

40 Found - Displaying 1 through 10

Gracilaria gracilis (Stackhouse) M.Steentoft, L.M.Irvine & W.F.Farnham Saldanha Bay, Western Cape, South Africa; collecting plants

Publication details
Gracilaria gracilis (Stackhouse) M.Steentoft, L.M.Irvine & W.F.Farnham 1995: 115, figs 1-3, 5-18

Original publication: Steentoft, M., Irvine, L.M. & Farnham, W.F. (1995). Two terete species of Gracilaria and Gracilariopsis (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) in Britain. Phycologia 34: 113-127, 37 figs.

Type species
The type species (lectotype) of the genus Gracilaria is Gracilaria compressa (C.Agardh) Greville.

Status of name
This name is of an entity that is currently accepted taxonomically.

Basionym
Fucus gracilis Stackhouse

Type information
Type locality: “Padstow, Cornwall, and elsewhere”, England (Athanasiadis 1996: 63). Type: Stackhouse; BM Notes: This type locality was first recorded as a lectotype without provenance by Steentoft, L.Irvine & Farnham (1995: 115, fig. 1) (Silva et al., 1996)

Origin of species name
Adjective (Latin), thin, slender (Stearn 1973).

Homotypic Synonym(s)
Fucus gracilis Stackhouse 1801
Fucus confervoides var. gracilis (Stackhouse) Turner 1802
Gracilaria confervoides f. gracilis (Stackhouse) Grunow 1874
Gracilaria confervoides var. gracilis (Stackhouse) Batters 1902

Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Fucus procerrimus Esper 1800
Gracilaria confervoides var. procerrima (Esper) Greville 1830
Fucus gulaman M.Blanco 1837
Sphaerococcus capillaris Kützing 1863
Gracilaria confervoides f. tenuissima Rosenvinge 1931

General environment
This is a Marine species.

Common names

(as Gracilaria gracilis (Stackhouse) M.Steentoft, L.M.Irvine & W.F.Farnham)
English: Slender Wart Weed (Bunker et al. 2010).

Portuguese: Cabelo-de-velha, Carriola (Oliveira, 1990).

Common names used in commerce, often for edible algae
guraman {Cag}; gulaman {Ilo}; caocaoayan {Ilo}; maracaoyan {Ilo}; ogo-nori {Jap}; tou fa ts'ai {China}; "Ceylon moss, false"; "moss, false Ceylon"

Usage notes
Cultivated in Saldanha Bay, South Africa. Collected from drift in Saldanha Bay and in Namibia.

Description
Cartilaginous, cylindrical, dull purple fronds, to 500 mm long, one or several arising from small, fleshy, perennial discoid holdfast. Branching very irregular, sparse or profuse, brnches to 2 mm diam., apices pointed. Intertidal tissue of large thin-walled cells with narrow outer cortical zone of small colourless cells.

Habitat
On rocks and stones, intertidal and subtidal, especially on sandy shores, generally distributed, common.

Detailed distribution with sources
(as Gracilaria confervoides var. procerrima (Esper) Greville)
Ireland: Derry (McMillan & Morton 1979), Mayo (Cotton 1912).

Europe: Britain (Newton 1931), Ireland (Cotton 1912).

Africa: Morocco (Dangeard 1949).

(as Gracilaria confervoides var. gracilis (Stackhouse) Batters)
Europe: Britain (Newton 1931).

(as Gracilaria gracilis (Stackhouse) M.Steentoft, L.M.Irvine & W.F.Farnham)
Ireland: Donegal (Morton 2003).

Europe: Britain (Hardy & Guiry 2003, Gurgel et al. 2004, Zuccarello, Moon & Goff 2004), France (Verlaque 2001, Loiseaux-de Goër & Noailles 2008, Zubia et al. 2009, Anon. 2012), Greece (Christia et al. 2011), Helgoland (Bartsch & Kuhlenkamp 2000), Ireland (Guiry 2012), Netherlands (Stegenga, Kaaremans & Simons 2007), Norway (Rueness, Mathisen & Tananger 1987, Rueness 2005), Portugal (Araújo et al. 2006, Araujo et al. 2009, Araújo, Bárbara & Sousa-Pinto in press), Scandinavia (Athanasiadis 1996), Spain (Bárbara & Cremades 1996, Veiga, Cremades & Bárbara 1998, Peña & Bárbara 2002, Gorostiaga et al., 2004, Bárbara et al. 2005, Peña & Bárbara 2006, Martínez-Gil et al. 2007, Pena & Bárbara 2008, Peña & Bárbara 2008, Peña & Bárbara 2010, Cires Rodriguez & Cuesta Moliner 2010, Hernández et al. 2010), Turkey (Europe) (Taskin et al. 2008).

Atlantic Islands: Canary Islands (John et al. 2004, Anon 2011), Madeira (John et al. 2004), Salvage Islands (John et al. 2004).

Caribbean Islands: Trinidad & Tobago (Duncan & Lee Lum 2006).

South America: Argentina (Boraso & Zaixso 2011), Brazil (Creed et al. 2010).

Africa: Angola (John et al. 2004), Cameroon (John, Lawson & Ameka, 2003, John et al. 2004), Congo (John et al. 2004), Côte d'Ivoire (John, Lawson & Ameka, 2003, John et al. 2004), Ghana (John, Lawson & Ameka, 2003, John et al. 2004), Liberia (John, Lawson & Ameka, 2003, John et al. 2004), Mauritania (John et al. 2004), Namibia (Rull Lluch 2002, John et al. 2004, Iyer et al 2005), São Tomé & Príncipe (John, Lawson & Ameka, 2003, John et al. 2004), Senegal (John et al. 2004, John et al. 2004), Sierra Leone (John, Lawson & Ameka, 2003, John et al. 2004), South Africa (Iyer et al 2005), Togo (John, Lawson & Ameka, 2003, John et al. 2004), Western Sahara (John et al. 2004).

South-west Asia: India (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996, Sahoo et al. 2001, Pareek et al. 2010), Oman (Wynne 2001), Turkey (Asia) (Taskin et al. 2008).

Asia: Russia (Kozhenkova 2009).

South-east Asia: Indonesia (Atmadja & Prud'homme van Reine 2012), Philippines (Tseng & Xia 1999), Singapore (Pham et al. 2011).

Pacific Islands: Fiji (N'Yeurt, South & Keats 1996).

Key references
Braune, W. (2008). Meeresalgen. Ein Farbbildführer zu den verbreiteten benthischen Grün- Braun- und Rotalgen der Weltmeere. pp. [1]-596, pls 1-266 (colour photographs). Ruggell: A.R.G. Gantner Verlag.

Destombe, C., Valero, M. & Guillemin, M.L. (2010). Delineation of two sibling red algal species, Gracilaria gracilis and Gracilaria dura (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta), using multiple DNA markers: resurrection of the species G. dura previously described in the northern Atlantic 200 years ago. Journal 0f Phycology 46(4): 720-727.

Irvine, L. & Steentoft, M. (1995). Proposal to reject the name Fucus verrucosa Huds. (Rhodophyta). Taxon 44: 223-224.

Iyer, R., Tronchin, E.M., Bolton, J.J. & Coyne, V.E. (2005). Molecular systematics of the Gracilariaceae (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) with emphasis on Southern Africa. Journal of Phycology 41: 672-684.

Loiseaux-de Goër, S. & Noailles, M.-C. (2008). Algues de Roscoff. pp. [1]-215, col. figs. Roscoff: Editions de la Station Biologique de Roscoff.

Pareek, M., Mishra, A. & Jha, B. (2010). Molecular phylogeny of Gracilaria species inferred from molecular markers belonging to three different genomes. Journal of Phycology 46(6): 1322-1328.

Rodríguez-Prieto, C., Ballesteros, E., Boisset, F. & Afonso-Carrillo, J. (2013). Guía de las macroalgas y fanerógamas marinas del Mediterráneo occidental. pp. [1]-656. Barcelona: Ediciones Omega, S.A..

Rueness, J. (2005). Life history and molecular sequences of Gracilaria vermiculophylla (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta), a new introduction to European waters. Phycologia 44: 120-128.

Rueness, J., Mathisen, H.A. & Tananger, T. (1987). Culture and field observations on Gracilaria verrucosa (Huds.) Papenf. (Rhodophyta) from Norway. Botanica Marina 30: 267-276.

Steentoft, M. & Irvine, L.M. (1990). Proposal to conserve the type of Gracilaria, nom. cons., as G. compressa and its lectotypification (Rhodophyta: Gracilariaceae). Taxon 40: 663-666.

SAG Cultures
SAG Cultures may be viewed at http://sagdb.uni-goettingen.de/showstrains.php?genus=Gracilaria&species=gracilis

SCCAP Cultures
Cultures from the Scandinavian Culture Collection of Algae at the University of Copenhagen (SCCAP) and Protozoa may be viewed at http://www.sccap.dk/search/algaebase.asp?Genus=Gracilaria&Species=gracilis

NCBI Nucleotide Sequences

Created: 30 March 1996 by M.D. Guiry

Verified by: 07 May 2013 by M.D. Guiry

Accesses: This record has been accessed by users 35177 times since it was created.

References
(Please note: only references with the binomials in the title are included. The information is from the Literature database.)

Anderson, R.J., Smit, A.J. & Levitt, G.J. (1999). Upwelling and fish-factory waste as nitrogen sources for suspended cultivation of Gracilaria gracilis in Saldanha Bay, South Africa. Proceedings of the International Seaweed Symposium 16: 455-462.
Destombe, C., Valero, M. & Guillemin, M.L. (2010). Delineation of two sibling red algal species, Gracilaria gracilis and Gracilaria dura (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta), using multiple DNA markers: resurrection of the species G. dura previously described in the northern Atlantic 200 years ago. Journal 0f Phycology 46(4): 720-727.
Engel, C., Wattier, R., Destombe, C. & Valero, M. (1997). Dispersal in a haplo-diploid red algal species : genetic structure and gene flow in Gracilaria gracilis. Vie et Milieu 47(4): 333-337.
Engel, C.R. & Destombe, C. (2002). Reproductive ecology of an intertidal red seaweed, Gracilaria gracilis: influence of high and low tides on fertilization success. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 82: 189-192.
Engel, C.R., Valeo, M., Lagadeuc, Y. & Destombe, C. (2002). Non-random mating in controlled multiple-donor crosses in Gracilaria gracilis (Gracilariaceae, Rhodophyta). European Journal of Phycology 37: 179-190.
Engel, C.R., Åberg, P., Gaggioti, O., Destombe, C. & Valero, M. (2001). Population dynamics and stage structure in a haploid-diploid red alga, Gracilaria gracilis. Journal of Ecology 89: 436-450.
Jaffray, A.E., Anderson, R.J. & Coyne, V.E. (1997). Investigation of bacterial epiphytes of the agar-producing red seaweed Gracilaria gracilis (Stackhouse) Steentoft, Irvine et Farnham from Saldanha Bay, South Africa and Lüderitz, Namibia. Botanica Marina 40: 569-576.
Lluisma, A.O. & Ragan, M.A. (1999). Occurence of closely spaced genes in the nuclear genome of the agarophyte Gracilaria gracilis. Proceedings of the International Seaweed Symposium 16: 613-618.
Martínez, E.A., Destombe, C., Quillet, M.C. & Valero, M. (1999). Identification of RAPD markers highly linked to sex determination in the red algae Gracilaria gracilis. Molecular Ecology 8: 1533-1538.
Molloy, F.J. & Bolton, J.J. (1996). The effect of season and depth on the growth of Gracilaria gracilis at Lüderitz, Namibia. Botanica Marina 39: 407-413.
Polifrone M.,Viera-Rodríguez M. A, Suárez-Santana J., Lazzoz G. & Pérez-Ruzafa I. (2005). Mapas de distribución de algas marinas de la Península Ibérica e Islas Baleares. XX. Gracilaria corallicola, G. gracilis, G. multipartita y Gracilariopsis longissima (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta). Botanica Complutensis 29: 77-83.
Polifrone, M., De Masi, F., Gargiulo, G.M. (2006). Alternative pathways in the life history of Gracilaria gracilis. Aquaculture 261: 1003-1013.
Rebello, J., Ohno, M., Critchley, A.T. & Sawamura, M. (1996). Growth rates and agar quality of Gracilaria gracilis (Stackhouse) Steentoft from Namibia, Southern Africa. Botanica Marina 39: 273-279.
Wattier, R., Dallas, J.F., Destombe, C., Saumitou-Laprade, P. & Valero, M. (1997). Single locus microsatellites in Gracilariales (Rhodophyta): high level of genetic variability within Gracilaria gracilis and conservation in related species. Journal of Phycology 33: 868-880, 4 figs, 6 tables.
Wilson, A.J. & Critchley, A.T. (1997). Studies on Gracilaria gracilis (Stackhouse) Steentoft, Irvine and Farnham and Gracilaria aculeata (Hering) Papenfuss from southern Africa. I. The influence of temperature, irradiance, salinity and nitogen nutrition on growth. South African Journal of Botany 63: 465-473.

Linking to this page: http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=18

Citing AlgaeBase
Cite this record as:
M.D. Guiry in Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 2013. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org; searched on 19 June 2013.

Algaebase taxon LSID: urn:lsid:algaebase.org:taxname:77495