Mastocarpus stellatus (Stackhouse) Guiry

Classification:
Empire Eukaryota
Kingdom Plantae
Subkingdom Biliphyta
Phylum Rhodophycophyta
Subphylum Eurhodophytina
Class Florideophyceae
Subclass Rhodymeniophycidae
Order Gigartinales
Family Phyllophoraceae
Genus Mastocarpus

Pictures:

click on thumbnail for larger version.

Black Hd., Co. Clare, Ireland; lower-shore rocks. 16 Mar 2006. Michael Guiry. © Michael Guiry.

Muigh Inis, Co. Galway, Ireland; on rock. 13 Apr 2006. Michael Guiry. © Michael Guiry.

Muigh Inis, Co. Galway, Ireland; on rock; probably young male plants. 13 Apr 2006. Michael Guiry. © Michael Guiry.

Muigh Inis, Co. Galway, Ireland;. 13 Apr 2006. Michael Guiry. © Michael Guiry.

Spiddal, Co. Galway, Ireland; crustose petrocelis-phase plant on rock at MLWN. 14 Apr 2007. Michael Guiry. © Michael Guiry.

Spiddal, Co. Galway, Ireland; foliose plants showing channelled fronds. 14 Apr 2007. Michael Guiry. © Michael Guiry.

Spiddal, Co. Galway, Ireland; light-bleached plants growing on rock in the mid-intertidal. 29 Sep 2007. Michael Guiry. © Michael Guiry.

Galicia, Spain; hand-collected plants being dried. Francis Bunker. © Francis Bunker.

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34 Found - Displaying 1 through 10

Mastocarpus stellatus (Stackhouse) Guiry Spiddal, Co. Galway, Ireland; crustose petrocelis-phase plant on rock at MLWN

Publication details
Mastocarpus stellatus (Stackhouse) Guiry in Guiry, J.A. West, D.-H. Kim & Masuda 1984: 53

Original publication: Guiry, M.D., West, J.A., Kim, D.-H. & Masuda, M. (1984). Reinstatement of the genus Mastocarpus Kützing (Rhodophyta). Taxon 33: 53-63.
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Type species
The type species (lectotype) of the genus Mastocarpus is Mastocarpus mamillosus (Goodenough & Woodward) Kützing.

Status of name
This name is of an entity that is currently accepted taxonomically.

Basionym
Fucus stellatus Stackhouse

Type information
Type locality: western shores of England (Stackhouse 1797: 53, pl. 12). Type: Stackhouse; Notes: The name has been typified with Stackhouse’s description in Withering (1797: 99); the original specimens have not been found. The figure in pl. 12 of Stackhouse (1797) could serve as a lectotype.

Origin of species name
Adjective (Latin), stellate, with narrow divisions radiating from the center like the rays of a star (Stearn 1973).

Homotypic Synonym(s)
Fucus stellatus Stackhouse 1796
Sphaerococcus crispus var. stellatus (Stackhouse) C.Agardh 1817
Chondrus crispus var. stellatus (Stackhouse) Lyngbye 1819
Gigartina stellata (Stackhouse) Batters 1902

General environment
This is a Marine species.

Common names used in commerce, often for edible algae
nadeltang {Ger}; Irish Moss {Eng}; carraigin

Description
Cartilaginous, purplish brown fronds, often in dense tufts, arising from a discoid holdfast, to 200 mm high. Narrow compressed stipe expands into strap-like blade, usually inrolled to form a channel, with thickened margins. Repeatedly dichotomously branched, axils acute. Upper part of frond with papillae to 10 mm or more long on surfaces and margins on female plants. Male plants lack papillae and are generally rare. Tetrasporophyte a purplish-black crust (Petrocelis-phase).

Habitat
On rocks in lower intertidal, often in large continuous mats, widespread and abundant.

Key characteristics
Inrolled margins, cystocarps in papillae.

Detailed distribution with sources
(as Fucus mamillosus Goodenough & Woodward)
Ireland: Wexford (Tighe 1803).

Europe: Ireland (Tighe 1803).

(as Chondrus mammillosus (Goodenough & Woodward) Stackhouse)
Ireland: Antrim (McMillan & Morton 1979).

Europe: Ireland (McMillan & Morton 1979).

(as Fucus mamillosus var. acutus Turner)
Ireland: Wexford (Tighe 1803).

Europe: Ireland (Tighe 1803).

(as Chondrus crispus var. stellatus (Stackhouse) Lyngbye)
Europe: Britain (Newton 1931).

(as Gigartina mamillosa (Goodenough & Woodward) J.Agardh)
Ireland: Antrim (Dickie 1871), Clare (Carruthers 1864), Cork (Renouf 1931), Dublin (Sanders 1860), Mayo (Cotton 1912), Wexford (Cotton 1913).

Europe: Ireland (Cotton 1912, Cotton 1913), Spain (Miranda 1931).

Africa: Morocco (Dangeard 1949).

Asia: Japan (Mikami 1965).

(as Petrocelis cruenta J.Agardh)
Ireland: Clare (De Valéra et al. 1979), Galway (Pybus 1975, Pybus 1978), Mayo (Cotton 1912), Waterford (Guiry 1977).

Europe: Britain (Newton 1931, Dixon & Irvine 1977), France (Feldmann 1954), Ireland (Cotton 1912, Guiry 1977, De Valéra et al. 1979), Italy (Cinelli et al. 1976), Portugal (Ardré 1970, Araujo et al. 2009), Spain (Miranda 1931, Gallardo & Pérez-Cirera 1982, Bárbara & Cremades 1996, Veiga, Cremades & Bárbara 1998, Diaz-Tapia & Bárbara 2005).

North America: Maine (Mathieson et al. 2001), New Hampshire (Mathieson & Hehre 1986).

Africa: Morocco (Dangeard 1949).

Antarctic and the subantarctic islands: South Orkney Islands (Holmes 1905, Papenfuss 1964).

(as Gigartina stellata (Stackhouse) Batters)
Ireland: Antrim (Adams 1907, Guiry 1978, McMillan & Morton 1979), Clare (Guiry 1978, De Valéra & Cooke 1979), Cork (Cullinane 1971, Guiry 1978), Donegal (Guiry 1978), Down (Morton 1974, Guiry 1978), Dublin (Guiry 1978), Galway (Guiry 1978), Kerry (Guiry 1978), Limerick (Cullinane 1969, Guiry 1978), Louth (Synnott 1969, Guiry 1978), Mayo (Guiry 1978), Sligo (Cullinane 1970), Waterford (Guiry 1978), Wexford (Parkes & Scannell 1969, Norton 1970, Guiry 1978).

Europe: Britain (Newton 1931, Dixon & Irvine 1977), Faroes (Irvine 1982), France (Feldmann 1954), Greece (Gerloff & Geissler 1974), Iceland (Caram & Jónsson 1972), Ireland (Adams 1907, Cullinane 1969, Cullinane 1971, Guiry 1978, De Valéra et al. 1979), Netherlands (Stegenga & Mol 1983), Portugal (Ardré 1970), Spain (Pérez-Cirera & Maldonado 1982, Fernández & Niell 1982, Fernández, Niell & Anadón 1983, Anadón 1983, Anadón & Fernández 1986, Silva & Fernández 1988).

Atlantic Islands: Canary Islands (Gil-Rodríguez & Afonso-Carrillo 1980).

North America: New Hampshire (Mathieson & Hehre 1986).

(as Gigartina stellata f. acuta (Turner) Batters)
Europe: Britain (Newton 1931).

(as Gigartina stellata f. prolifera (Turner) Batters)
Europe: Britain (Newton 1931).

(as Gigartina stellata f. incurvata (Turner) Batters)
Europe: Britain (Newton 1931).

(as Mastocarpus stellatus (Stackhouse) Guiry)
Ireland: Antrim (Morton & Chamberlain 1985, Morton 1994), Derry (Morton & Chamberlain 1985, Morton 1994), Donegal (Morton 2003), Down (Morton & Chamberlain 1985, Morton 1994).

Atlantic Islands: Azores (Neto 1994 ), Canary Islands (Haroun et al. 2002, Gil-Rodríguez et al. 2003, John et al. 2004).

North America: Maine (Mathieson et al. 2001), New Brunswick (Bates et al. 2005), New Hampshire (Mathieson & Dawes 2002), North Carolina (Schneider & Searles 1991), Nova Scotia (Schmidt & Scheibling 2006).

Africa: Mauritania (John et al. 2004), Western Sahara (John et al. 2004).

South-west Asia: Turkey (Asia) (Taskin et al. 2008).

Taxonomic notes
Sporophytic crust formerly Petrocelis cruenta (Guiry, 1997)

Key references
Bates, C.R., Saunders, G.W. & Chopin, T. (2005). An assessment of two taxonomic distinctness indices for detecting seaweed assemblage responses to environmental stress. Botanica Marina 48: 231-243.

Braune, W. (2008). Meeresalgen. Ein Farbbildführer zu den verbreiteten benthischen Grün- Braun- und Rotalgen der Weltmeere. pp. [1]-596, 266 pls. Ruggell: A.R.G. Gantner Verlag.

Guiry, M.D. & West, J.A. (1983). Life history and hybridization studies on Gigartina stellata and Petrocelis cruenta (Rhodophyta) in the North Atlantic. Journal of Phycology 19: 474-494.

Loiseaux-de Goër, S. & Noailles, M.-C. (2008). Algues de Roscoff. pp. [1]-215, col. figs. Roscoff: Editions de la Station Biologique de Roscoff.

Schories, D., Selig, U. & Schubert, H. (2009). Species and synonym list of the German marine macroalgae based on historical and recent records. Rostock. Meeresbiolog. Beitr. 21: 7-135.

Silva, P.C. (1952). A review of nomenclatural conservation in the algae from the point of view of the type method. University of California Publications in Botany 25: 241-323.

Zuccarello, G.C., Schidlo, A., McIvor, L. & Guiry, M.D. (2006). A molecular re-examination of speciation in the intertidal red alga Mastocarpus stellatus (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) in Europe. European Journal of Phycology 40: 337-344, 3 figs, 7 tables.

SAG Cultures
No records have been found on the SAG site.

NCBI Nucleotide Sequences
As of 2 June 2009, nucleotide sequence data are available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Genbank for 43 samples identified as Mastocarpus stellatus.

Created: 30 March 1996 by M.D. Guiry

Verified by: 03 April 2010 by M.D. Guiry

Accesses: This record has been accessed by users 14978 times since it was created.

References
(Please note: only references with the binomials in the title are included. The information is from the Literature database.)

Barwell, C.J., Canham, C.A. & Guiry, M.D. (1989). Hordenine content of the marine alga Mastocarpus stellatus and the algal food product carrageen. Phytotherapy Research 3: 67-69.
Bird, C.J., Sosa, P.A. & MacKay, R.M. (1994). Molecular evidence confirms the relationship of Petrocelis in the western Atlantic to Mastocarpus stellatus (Rhodophyta, Petrocelidaceae). Phycologia 33: 134-137.
Dudgeon, S.R., Davison, I.R. & Vadas, R.L. (1990). Freezing tolerance in the intertidal red algae Chondrus crispus and Mastocarpus stellatus: relative importance of acclimation and adaptation. Marine Biology, Berlin 106: 427-436.
Gallardo, T. & Casado, M. (2000). Mapas de distribución de algas marinas de la Península Ibérica e Islas Baleares. XIII. Mastocarpus stellatus (Stackh.) Guiry (Petrocelidaceae, Rhodophyceae). Bot. Complutensis 24: 107-111.
Kerjean, V., Morel, B., Stiger, V., Bessières, M.-A., Simon-Colin, C., Magné, C. & Deslandes, E. (2007). Optimization of floridoside production in the red alga Mastocarpus stellatus: pre-conditioning, extraction and seasonal variations. Botanica Marina 50(1): 59-64.
Lazzo, G. & Gallardo, T. (2004). Estudio de la morfología de las estructuras reproductoras de Mastocarpus stellatus (Stackhouse) Guiry (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) en las costas de la Península Ibérica. Bot. Complutensis 28: 21-26.
Zuccarello, G.C., Schidlo, A., McIvor, L. & Guiry, M.D. (2006). A molecular re-examination of speciation in the intertidal red alga Mastocarpus stellatus (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) in Europe. European Journal of Phycology 40: 337-344, 3 figs, 7 tables.