Laminaria hyperborea (Gunnerus) Foslie

Classification:
Empire Eukaryota
Kingdom Chromista
Subkingdom Chromobiota
Infrakingdom Heterokonta
Phylum Heterokontophyta
Class Phaeophyceae
Order Laminariales
Family Laminariaceae
Genus Laminaria

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Inishbofin, Co. Galway, Ireland; subtidal forest. 25 Jul 2006. Aoife Guiry.

Inishbofin, Co. Galway, Ireland; shallow subtidal. 25 Jul 2006. Aoife Guiry.

Inishbofin, Co. Galway, Ireland; forest in shallow subtidal. 25 Jul 2006. Aoife Guiry.

Black Head, Co. Clare, Ireland; exceptionally low tide with extensive beds exposed. 28 Apr 2006. M.D. Guiry.

Black Head, Co. Clare, Ireland; exposed fronds at ELWS. 28 Apr 2006. M.D. Guiry.

Dog's Bay, Roundstone, Co. Galway, Ireland; plants at low water; 10.5 mm lens. 27 Apr 2006. M.D. Guiry.

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Publication details
Laminaria hyperborea (Gunnerus) Foslie 1884: 42

Original publication: Foslie, M. (1884). Ueber die Laminarien norwegens. Christiania Vidensk. Selsk. Forhandl. 14: 1-112, 10 tables.

Type species
The type species (lectotype) of the genus Laminaria is Laminaria digitata (Hudson) J.V. Lamouroux.

Status of name
This is regarded as a current name.

Basionym
Fucus hyperboreus Gunnerus

Origin of species name
Adjective (Latin), belonging to the extreme north, northern (Stearn 1973).

Synonym(s)
Fucus scoparius Ström 1762
Fucus hyperboreus Gunnerus 1766
Laminaria cloustonii Edmondston 1845
Hafgyria cloustonii (Edmondston) Areschoug 1883
Laminaria hyperborea f. compressa Foslie 1884

General environment
This is a marine species.

Common names

(as Laminaria hyperborea (Gunnerus) Foslie)
English: Cuvie (Dickinson 1963).

Common names used in commerce, often for edible algae
oarweed {Eng}

Detailed distribution with sources
(as Laminaria cloustonii Edmondston)
Ireland: Antrim (Adams 1907), Mayo (Cotton 1912), Sligo (Cullinane 1970), Wexford (Cotton 1913).

Europe: Britain (Newton 1931), Ireland (Adams 1907, Cotton 1912, Cotton 1913), Spain (Miranda 1931, Miranda 1934), Sweden (Kylin 1947).

(as Laminaria hyperborea (Gunnerus) Foslie)
Ireland: Antrim (Morton 1994), Clare (Pybus 1977, Guiry 1978, De Valéra et al. 1979), Cork (Rees 1931, Sloane, Ebling, Kitching & Lilly 1957, Larkum & Norton 1968, Cullinane 1971, Larkum 1972, Cullinane, McCarthy & Fletcher 1975, Norton, Hiscock & Kitching 1977, Guiry 1978, Hiscock & Maggs 1982, Cullinane & Whelan 1983, Frid & Kitching 1988, Frid 1990, Frid 1990), Derry (Morton 1994), Donegal (Maggs & Guiry 1982, Morton 2003), Down (Morton 1974, Guiry 1978, Morton 1994), Dublin (Guiry 1978), Galway (Foslie 1899, Guiry 1978), Kerry (Cullinane & Whelan 1983, Cullinane & Whelan 1984, Whelan & Cullinane 1985), Limerick (Cullinane 1969, Guiry 1978), Louth (Synnott 1969, Guiry 1978), Mayo (Guiry 1978), Waterford (Guiry 1977, Guiry 1978), Wexford (Parkes & Scannell 1969, Norton 1970, Guiry 1978).

Europe: Baltic Sea (Nielsen et al. 1995), Britain (Hardy & Guiry 2003), Faroes (Irvine 1982, Nielsen & Gunnarsson 2001), France (Feldmann 1954, Connan et al 2006, Dizerbo & Herpe 2007, Loiseaux-de Goër & Noailles 2008), Helgoland (Bartsch & Kuhlenkamp 2000), Iceland (Caram & Jónsson 1972), Ireland (Cullinane 1969, Cullinane 1971, Guiry 1977, Pybus 1977, Guiry 1978, De Valéra et al. 1979, Whelan & Cullinane 1985, Morton 1994), Norway (Rueness 1997), Portugal (De Mesquita Rodrigues 1963, Ardré 1970, Araujo et al. 2009, Araújo, Bárbara & Sousa-Pinto in press), Scandinavia (Athanasiadis 1996), Spain (Pérez-Cirera & Maldonado 1982, Anadón 1983, Pérez-Cirera 1989, Granja, Cremades & Barbara 1992, Bárbara & Cremades 1996, Veiga, Cremades & Bárbara 1998, López Varela 2000, Bárbara et al. 2005).

Atlantic Islands: Canary Islands (Price, John & Lawson 1978).

(as Laminaria hyperborea f. compressa Foslie)
Europe: Scandinavia (Athanasiadis 1996).

Key references
Braune, W. (2008). Meeresalgen. Ein Farbbildführer zu den verbreiteten benthischen Grün- Braun- und Rotalgen der Weltmeere. pp. [1]-596, 266 pls. Ruggell: A.R.G. Gantner Verlag.

Kain (Jones), J.M. (1971). Synopsis of biological data on Laminaria hyperborea. FAO Fisheries Synopsis No 87(Rev. 1): 74.

Loiseaux-de Goër, S. & Noailles, M.-C. (2008). Algues de Roscoff. pp. [1]-215, col. figs. Roscoff: Editions de la Station Biologique de Roscoff.

McHugh, D.J. (2003). A guide to the seaweed industry. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 441: x + 105, 64 figs.

NCBI Nucleotide Sequences
As of 2 June 2009, nucleotide sequence data are available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Genbank for 24 samples identified as Laminaria hyperborea.

Created: 30 March 1996 by M.D. Guiry

Verified by: 10 November 2008 by M.D. Guiry

Accesses: This record has been accessed by users 20895 times since it was created.

References
(Please note: only references with the binomials in the title are included. The information is from the Literature database.)

Black, W.A.P., Richardson, W.D. & Walker, F.T. (1959). Chemical and growth gradients of Laminaria cloustoni Edm. (L. hyperborea Fosl.). Economic Proceedings of the Royal Dublin Society 4 (No. 8): 137-149.
Fredriksen, S., Sjøtun, K., Lein, T.E. & Rueness, J. (1995). Spore dispersal in Laminaria hyperborea (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae). Sarsia 80: 47-54, 5 figs, 3 tables.
Fredriksen, S., Sørlie, A.C. & Kjøsterud, A.-B. (1995). Titanoderma pustulatum (Lamouroux) Nägeli and Lithophyllum crouanii Foslie (corallinales, Rhodophyta): two common epiphytes on Laminaria hyperborea (Gunnerus) Foslie stipes in Norway. Sarsia 80: 41-46, 14 figs, 2 tables.
Fries, L. (1980). Axenic tissue cultures from the sporophytes of Laminaria digitata and Laminaria hyperborea (Phaeophyta). Journal of Phycology 16: 475-477.
Gunnarsson, K. (1991). Populations de Laminaria hyperborea et Laminaria digitata (Phéophycées) dans la Baie de Breidifjördur, Islande. Journal of the Marine Institue Reykjavik 12: 148.
Han, T.J. & Kain, J.M. (1991). Blue light reactivation of UV-irradiated young sporophytes of Laminaria hyperborea. British Phycological Journal 26: 87.
Han, T.J. & Kain, J.M. (1992). Growth responses of early sporophytes of Laminaria hyperborea to light. British Phycological Journal 27: 91.
Harkin, E. (1981). Fluctuations in epiphyte biomass following Laminaria hyperborea canopy removal. Proceedings of the International Seaweed Symposium 10: 303-308.
Hellebust, J.A. & Haug, A. (1972). Photosynthesis, translocation, and alginic acid synthesis in Laminaria digitata and Laminaria hyperborea. Canadian Journal of Botany 50: 169-176.
Hopkin, R. & Kain, J.M. (1971). The effect of marine pollutants on Laminaria hyperborea. Marine Pollution Bulletin 2: 75-77.
Hopkin, R. & Kain, J.M. (1978). The effects of some pollutants on the survival, growth and respiration of Laminaria hyperborea. Est. Coat. Mar. Sci. 7: 531-553.
Izquierdo, J.L., Navarro, M.J. & Gallardo, T. (1993). Mapas de distribución de algas marinas de la Península Ibérica. IV. Laminaria ochroleuca Pylaie, L. hyperborea (Gunner) Foslie y L. saccharina (L.) Lamour. (Laminariales, Fucophyceae). Bot. Complutensis 18: 291-304.
Jupp, B.P. & Drew, E.A. (1974). Studies on the growth of Laminaria hyperborea (Gunn.) Fosl. I. Biomass and productivity. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 15: 185-196.
Kain (Jones), J.M. (1963). Aspects of the biology of Laminaria hyperborea II. Age, weight and length. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 43: 129-151.
Kain (Jones), J.M. (1971). Synopsis of biological data on Laminaria hyperborea. FAO Fisheries Synopsis No 87(Rev. 1): 74.
Kain (Jones), J.M. (1971). The biology of Laminaria hyperborea VI. Some Norwegian populations. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 51: 387-408.
Kain (Jones), J.M. (1976). The biology of Laminaria hyperborea IX. Growth pattern of fronds. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 56: 603-628.
Kain (Jones), J.M. (1976). The biology of Laminaria hyperborea VIII. Growth on cleared areas. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 56: 267-290.
Kain (Jones), J.M. (1977). The biology of Laminaria hyperborea X. The effect of depth on some populations. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 57: 587-607.
Kain, J. M. (1964). A study on the ecology of Laminaria hyperborea (Gunn.) Fosl. Proceedings of the International Seaweed Symposium 4: 207-214.
Kain, J. M. (1972). Reproduction and colonization in Laminaria hyperborea. Proceedings of the International Seaweed Symposium: 400.
Kain, J.M. (1964). The growth of gametophytes and young sporophytes of Laminaria hyperborea under various artificial conditions. British Phycological Bulletin 2: 390.
Kain, J.M. (1973). Growth rates of stipes and fronds of Laminaria hyperborea (Gunn.) Fosl.. British Phycological Journal 8: 213.
Larkum, A.W.D. (1972). Frond structure and growth in Laminaria hyperborea. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 52: 405-418.
Larsen, B. & Haug, A. (1960). The distribution of Iodine and other constituents in stipe of Laminaria hyperborea (Gunn.) Foslie. Botanica Marina 2: 250-254.
Lobban, C.S., Weidner, M. & Lüning, K. (1981). Photoperiod affects enzyme activities in the kelp, Laminaria hyperborea. Z Pflanzenphysiol 105: 81-83.
Lüning, K. (1986). New frond formation in Laminaria hyperborea (Phaeophyta): a photoperiodic response. British Phycological Journal 21: 269-273.
Marshall, W. (1960). An underwater study of the epiphytes of Laminaria hyperborea (Gunn.) Fosl. British Phycological Bulletin 2: 18-19.
Miller III, H.L., Neale, P.J. & Dunton, K.H. (2009). Biological weighting functions for UV inhibition of photosynthersis in the kelp Laminaria hyperborea (Phaeophyceae). Journal of Phycology 45(3): 571-584, 9 figs, 2 tables.
Pedersén, M. (1983). Ultrastructural localization of bromine and iodine in the stipes of Laminaria digitata (Huds.) Lamour., Laminaria saccharina (L.) Lamour. and Laminaria hyperborea (Gunn.) Fosl.. Botanica Marina 26: 113-118.
Pérez-Ruzafa, I., Izquierdo, J.L., Araújo, R., Sousa-Pinto, I., Pereira, L. & Bárbara, I. (2003). Distribution maps of marine algae from the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands. XVII. Laminaria rodriguezii Bornet and aditions to the distribution maps of L. hyperborea (Gunner.) Foslie, L. ochroleuca Bach. pyl. and L. saccharina (L.) Lamour. (Laminariales, Fucophyceae). Botanica Complutensis 27: 155-164.
Richardson, W. D. & Walker, F. T. (1956). Perennial changes of Laminaria cloustoni Edm. (L.hyperborea (Gunn.) Fosl.) around Scotland. Proceedings of the International Seaweed Symposium 2: 203-209.
Schaffelke, B. & Lüning, K. (1994). A circannual rhythm controls seasonal growth in the kelps Laminaria hyperborea and L. digitata from Helgoland (North Sea). European Journal of Phycology 29: 49-56, 8 figs.
Schaffelke, B. (1995). Storage carbohydrates and abscisic acid contents in Laminaria hyperborea are entrained by experimental daylengths. European Journal of Phycology 30: 313-317, 4 figs.
Sjøtun, K. & Fredriksen, S. (1995). Growth allocation in Laminaria hyperborea (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae) in relation to age and wave exposure. Marine Ecology Progress Series 126: 213-222, 9 figs, 2 tables.
Sjøtun, K., Fredrikensen, S., Lein, T. E., Rueness, J. & Sivertsen, K. (1993). Population studies of Laminaria hyperborea from its northern range of distribution in Norway. Proceedings of the International Seaweed Symposium 14: 215-221.
Sjøtun, K., Fredriksen, S. & Rueness, J. (1996). Seasonal growth and carbon and nitrogen content in canopy and first-year plants of Laminaria hyperborea (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae). Phycologia 35: 1-8, 7 figs, 1 table.
Sjøtun, K., Fredriksen, S. & Rueness, J. (1998). Effect of canopy biomass and wave exposure on growth in Laminaria hyperborea (Laminariaceae: Phaeophyta). European Journal of Phycology 33: 337-343, 6 figs, 1 table.
Sjøtun, K., Fredriksen, S., Lein, T.E., Rueness, J. & Sivertsen, K. (1993). Population studies of Laminaria hyperborea from its northern range of distribution in Norway. Hydrobiologia 260/261: 215-221, 5 figs, 1 table.
Sjøtun, K., Fredriksen, S., Rueness, J. & Lein, T.E. (1995). Ecological studies of the kelp Laminaria hyperborea (Gunnerus) Foslie in Norway. In: Ecology of fjords and coastal waters. (Skjoldal, H.R., Hopkins, C., Erikstad, K.E. & Leinaas, H.P. Eds), pp. 525-536. Elsevier Science B.V..
Steinbiss, H.-H. & Schmitz, K. (1974). Zur Entwicklung und funktionellen anatomie des phylloids von Laminaria hyperborea. Helgoländer Wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen 26: 134-152.
Svendsen, P. (1972). Noen observasjoner over taretrålingog gjenvekst av stortare, Laminaria hyperborea. Fiskets Gang 22: 448-460.
Svendsen, P. (1972). Some observations on commercial harvesting and regrowth of Laminaria hyperborea. In: Fisken og Havet. Fiskerideriktoratets Havforskningsinstitutt. ( Eds) Vol.2, pp. 33-45. Bergen:
Whittick, A. (1983). Spatial and temporal distributions of some dominant epiphytes on the stipes of Laminaria hyperborea (Gunn.) Fosl. (Phaeophyta, Laminariales) in SE Scotland. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 73: 1-10.
Willenbrink, J., Rangoni-Kübbeler, M. & Tersky, B. (1975). Frond development and CO₂-fixation in Laminaria hyperborea. Planta 125: 161-170.