Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck

Classification:
Empire Eukaryota
Kingdom Plantae
Subkingdom Viridaeplantae
Phylum Chlorophyta
Class Trebouxiophyceae
Order Chlorellales
Family Chlorellaceae
Genus Chlorella

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Seattle, Washington, USA; cement wall, 1000x, DIC. 01 Nov 2008. Karl Bruun. © Karl Bruun.

Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck Seattle, Washington, USA; cement wall, 1000x, DIC

Publication details
Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck 1890: 758, fig. 7:2 a-d

Original publication: Beijerinck, M.W. (1890). Culturversuche mit Zoochlorellen, Lichenengonidien und anderen niederen Algen. Botanische Zeitung 47: 725-739, 741-754, 757-768, 781-785.

Type species
The type species (holotype) of the genus Chlorella is Chlorella ellipsoidea Gerneck.

Status of name
This name is of an entity that is currently accepted taxonomically.

Origin of species name
Adjective (Latin), common, general, ordinary (Stearn 1973).

Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Chlorella pyrenoidosa var. duplex (Kützing) West
Pleurococcus beijerinckii Artari 1892
Chlorella pyrenoidosa Chick 1903
Chlorella communis Artari 1906
Chlorella vulgaris var. viridis Chodat 1913
Chlorella terricola Gollerbach 1936
Chlorella candida Shihira & Krauss 1965

General environment
This is a terrestrial species.

Detailed distribution with sources
(as Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck)
Ireland: Dublin (Rindi & Guiry 2004).

Europe: Austria (Ettl & Gärtner 1995), Balearic Islands (Cambra Sánchez, Álvarez Cobelas & Aboal Sanjurjo 1998), Britain (John & Tsarenko 2002, Müller et al 2005), Denmark (Rindi & Guiry 2004), France (Rindi & Guiry 2004), Germany (Toepel et al 2005, Müller et al 2005), Iceland (Ettl & Gärtner 1995), Netherlands (Müller et al 2005), Romania (Caraus 2002), Spain (Álvarez Cobelas 1982, Aboal & Llimona 1984a, Aboal & Llimona 1984b, Alvárez Cobelas & Gallardo 1986, Aboal 1996, Aboal 1996, Cambra Sánchez, Álvarez Cobelas & Aboal Sanjurjo 1998, Uher, Aboal & Kovacik 2004, Müller et al 2005, Uher et al. 2005, Fanés Treviño, Comas González & Sánchez Castillo 2009), Sweden (Müller et al 2005).

South-west Asia: Iran (Afsharzadeh et al. 2003), Pakistan (Shahnaz et al. 2007), Turkey (Asia) (Soylu & Gonulol 2006).

Asia: China (Hu & Wei 2006), Japan (Ettl & Gärtner 1995), Nepal (Ettl & Gärtner 1995).

Australia and New Zealand: Queensland (Day et al. 1995), Victoria (Day et al. 1995).

(as Chlorella pyrenoidosa Chick)
Asia: China (Hu & Wei 2006).

Australia and New Zealand: New South Wales (Day et al. 1995).

(as Chlorella vulgaris var. viridis Chodat)
Europe: Romania (Caraus 2002).

Key references
Ettl, H. & Gärtner, G. (1995). Syllabus der Boden-, Luft- und Flechtenalgen. pp. i-vii,1-721. Stuttgart: Gustav Fischer.

Fott, B. & Nováková, M. (1969). A monograph of the genus Chlorella. The freshwater species. In: Studies in Phycology. (Fott, B. Eds), pp. 10-74. Stuttgart: Schweizerbart'sche.

Hu, H. & Wei, Y. (2006). The freshwater algae of China. Systematics, taxonomy and ecology. pp. [4 pls of 16 figs], [i-iv], i-xv, 1-1023. China: www.sciencep.com.

John, D.M. & Tsarenko, P.M. (2002). Order Chlorococcales. In: The Freshwater Algal Flora of the British Isles. An identification guide to freshwater and terrestrial algae. (John, D.M., Whitton, B.A. & Brook, A.J. Eds), pp. 327-409. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Krienitz, L., Hegewald, E.H., Hepperle, D., Huss, V.A.R., Rohr, T. & Wolf, M. (2004). Phylogenetic relationship of Chlorella and Parachlorella gen. nov. (Chlorophyta, Trebouxiophyceae). Phycologia 43: 529-542, 19 figs, 3 tables.

Rindi, F. & Guiry, M.D. (2004). Composition and spatial variability of terrestrial algal assemblages occurring at the bases of urban walls in Europe. Phycologia 43: 225-235.

Shahnaz, A., Zarina, A., Masud-ul-Hasan & Shameel, M. (2007). Survey of some Volvocophyta Shameel from Lahore, Pakistan. International Journal of Phycology and Phycochemistry 3(2): 205-212.

Toepel, J., Langner, U. & Wilhelm, C. (2005). Combination of flow cytometry and single cell absorption spectroscopy to study the phytoplankton structure and to calculate the chi a specific absorption coefficients at the taxon level. Journal of Phycology 2005: 1099-1109.

UTEX Cultures
UTEX Culture 26 Chlorella vulgaris
Go to UTEX Site

CCAP Cultures
CCAP Strain Number 211/11B Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck
Go to CCAP Site

NCBI Nucleotide Sequences
As of 2 June 2009, nucleotide sequence data are available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Genbank for 479 samples identified as Chlorella vulgaris.

Created: 11 April 2002 by M.D. Guiry

Verified by: 25 January 2009 by M.D. Guiry

Accesses: This record has been accessed by users 5462 times since it was created.

References
(Please note: only references with the binomials in the title are included. The information is from the Literature database.)

Cacco, G. & Ferrari, G. (1975). Isolation of nitrosoguanidine-induced Chlorella vulgaris mutants with high methionine content. Journal of Phycology 11: 139-141, 3 tables.
Coder, D.M. & Starr, M.P. (1978). Antagonistic association of the chlorellavorus bacterium ("Belloviobrio" chlorellavorus) with Chlorella vulgaris. Cur. Microbiol. 1: 59-64.
Creed, I.F., Havas, M. & Trick, C.G. (1990). Effects of arsenate on growth of nitrogen- and phosphorus-limited Chlorella vulgaris (Chlorophyceae) isolates. Journal of Phycology 26: 641-650.
de-Bashan, L.E., Antoun, H. & Bashan, Y. (2008). Involvement of indole-3-acetic acid produced by the growth-promoting bacterium Azospirillum spp. in promoting growth of Chlorella vulgaris. Journal of Phycology 44: 938-947.
de-Bashan, L.E., Magallon, P., Antoun, H. & Bashan, Y. (2008). Role of glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthetase in Chlorella vulgaris during assimilation of ammonium when jointly immobilized with the microalgae-growth-promoting bacterium Azospirillum brasilense. Journal of Phycology 44: 1188-1196.
Eixler, S., Karsten, U. & Selig, U. (2006). Phosphorus storage in Chlorella vulgaris (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta) cells and its dependence on phosphate supply. Phycologia 45: 53-60.
Gouveia, L., Choubert, G., Gomes, E., Rema, P. & Empis, J. (1998). Use of Chlorella vulgaris as a carotenoid source for rainbow trout: effect of dietary lipid content on pigmentation, digestibility and retention in the muscle tissue.. Aquaculture International 6: 269-279.
Hosmani, S.P. (1976). Effect of extract of Microcystis aeruginosa on the growth of Chlorella vulgaris. Beitr. Biol. Pflanzenphysiol 51: 321-324.
Maeda, S., Mizoguchi, M., Ohki, A. & Takeshita, T. (1990). Bioaccumulation of Zinc and Cadmium in freshwater alga, Chlorella vulgaris .1. toxicity and accumulation. Chemosphere 21(8): 953-963.
Maeda, S., Mizoguchi, M., Ohki, A., Inanaga, J. & Takeshita, T. (1990). Bioaccumulation of Zinc and Cadmium in freshwater alga, Chlorella vulgaris .2. association mode of the metals and cell tissue. Chemosphere 21(8): 965-973.
Martinez, F., Ascaso, C. & Orus, M.I. (1991). Morphometric and stereologic analysis of Chlorella vulgaris under heterotrophic growth conditions. Ann Bot 67(3): 239-245.
Müller, J., Friedl, T., Hepperle, D., Lorenz, M. & Day, J.G. (2005). Distinction between multiple isolates of Chlorella vulgaris (Chlorophyta, Trebouxiophyceae) and testing for conspecificity using amplified fragment length polymorphism and ITS rDNA sequences. Journal of Phycology 41: 1236-1247.
Oyamada, N., Takahashi, G. & Ishizaki, M. (1991). Methylation of inorganic selenium compounds by freshwater green algae, Ankistrodesmus sp., Chlorella vulgaris and Selenastrum sp.. Eisei Kagaku-Japan J Tox Envi 37(2): 83-88.
Patterson, G.W. (1967). The effect of culture conditions on the hydrocarbon content ofChlorella vulgaris. Journal of Phycology 3: 22-23, 2 figs.
Post, A.F., Cohen, I. & Romem, E. (1994). Characterization of two Chlorella vulgaris (Chlorophyceae) strains isolated from wastewater oxidation ponds. Journal of Phycology 30: 950-954, 5 figs, 2 tables.
Rachlin, J.W. & Grosso, A. (1991). The effects of pH on the growth of Chlorella vulgaris and its interactions with Cadmium toxicity. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 20(4): 505-508.
Ting, Y.P., Lawson, F. & Prince, I.G. (1991). Uptake of Cadmium and Zinc by the alga Chlorella vulgaris .2. Multi-ion situation. Biotechnol Bioeng 37(5): 445-455.
Vinarova, K., Chankova, S. & Jordanova, S. (1983). Ultrastructure and pigment composition of 2 Chlorella vulgaris B mutant forms. Genetika i Selektsiya 16: 151-156.
Zaidi, B. R. & Tosteson, T. R. (1972). Differential adhesion of Chlorella vulgaris during the cell cycle. Proceedings of the International Seaweed Symposium 7: 323-328.