Ulva lactuca Linnaeus

Classification:
Empire Eukaryota
Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Chlorophyta
Class Ulvophyceae
Order Ulvales
Family Ulvaceae
Genus Ulva

Pictures

click on thumbnail for larger version.

Barbados stamp Barbados stamp. 07 Apr 2013. © Barbados.

Peter the Great Bay, Russia. 28 Mar 2012. Oksana Belous. © Oksana Belous (ksu_bio@mail.ru).

Low intertidal. Insert: habit (Peter the Great Bay, Russia).. 09 Mar 2012. Eduard and Tamara Titlyanova. © Eduard and Tamara Titlyanova (etitlyanov@mail.ru).

Collected near Roscoff (F), December 1984. 29 Dec 2011. Elmar Wosnitza. © Christine Wosnitza.

Selce, northern Croatia. 26 Mar 2011. Mat Vestjens & Anne Frijsinger. © Mat Vestjens & Anne Frijsinger (annenmat@natuurlijkmooi.net).

Zeeland delta, Netherlands. 26 Mar 2011. Mat Vestjens & Anne Frijsinger. © Mat Vestjens & Anne Frijsinger (annenmat@natuurlijkmooi.net).

Scotland, Oban area east coast. 26 Mar 2011. Mat Vestjens & Anne Frijsinger. © Mat Vestjens & Anne Frijsinger (annenmat@natuurlijkmooi.net).

Dixon Island, Barkley Sound, British Columbia, Canada.. Colin Bates (colinba@interchange.ubc.ca). © Coastal Imageworks (colinba@interchange.ubc.ca).

Seppings Island, Barkley Sound, British Columbia, Canada.. Colin Bates (colinba@interchange.ubc.ca). © Coastal Imageworks (colinba@interchange.ubc.ca).

Houtman Abrolhos, Western Australia. John Huisman. © John Huisman (j.huisman@murdoch.edu.au). From: Huisman, J.M. (2000). Marine Plants of Australia. University of Western Australia Press, Nedlands, Western Australia..

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Ulva lactuca Linnaeus Tanzania; transversection of thallus

Publication details
Ulva lactuca Linnaeus 1753: 1163

Original publication: Linnaeus, C. (1753). Species plantarum, exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas. Vol. 2 pp. [i], 561-1200, [1-30, index], [i, err.]. Holmiae [Stockholm]: Impensis Laurentii Salvii.
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Original description: Download PDF

Type species
This is the type species (holotype) of the genus Ulva.

Status of name
This name is of an entity that is currently accepted taxonomically.

Origin of species name
Adjective (Latin), lettuce (Lewis & Short 1890).

Homotypic Synonym(s)
Phyllona lactuca (Linnaeus) F.H.Wiggers 1780

Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Ulva fasciata Delile 1813
Ulva lactucaefolia S.F.Gray 1821
Ulva fenestrata Postels & Ruprecht 1840
Ulva stipitata Areschoug 1850
Ulva crassa Kjellman 1877
Ulva lactuca f. stipitata (Areschoug) Kylin 1907

General environment
This is a Marine species.

Common names

(as Ulva lactuca Linnaeus)
?: Ihixlhewis, Gamgamet (Madlener 1977).

Arabic: Tahalib (F.A.O. 1997).

Chinese: Hai Tsai, Shih shun, Haisai Kun-po, Kwanpo (Madlener 1977).

English: Sea lettuce, Lettuce laver, Green Laver, Sea Grass, Thin stone brick (Madlener 1977), Chicory sea lettuce (F.A.O. 1997).

French: Laitue de mer (Boisvert 1984).

German: Meersalat (Madlener 1977).

Japanese: Aosa (Madlener 1977).

Kwakwaka'wakw: Klop-tsai-yup (Madlener 1977).

Portuguese: Alface-do-mar (Oliveira, 1990).

Spanish: Luche, Luchi (Madlener 1977).

Swedish: Havssallat (Tolstoy & Österlund 2003).

(as Ulva fasciata Delile)
Hawaiian: Limu papahapapa (Chapman & Chapman 1980), Pahapaha, Limu Pahapaha (Arasaki & Arasaki 1983), Limu Palahalaha, Pakaiea, Papahapaha (Abbott 1984).

Common names used in commerce, often for edible algae
green laver {Eng}; sea lettuce {Eng}; meerlattich {Ger}; laitue de mer {Fr}; "laver, green"; "laver, lettuce"; "lettuce, sea"

Usage notes
Crop and biofilter of fishpond effluents (Msuya & Neori 2010). - (8 Sep 2010) - Wendy Guiry

Distribution by country

Point data for Ireland and Britain

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Type information
Type locality: "in Oceano" [Atlantic Ocean] (Linnaeus 1753: 1163). Lectotype: LINN 1275.24 Notes: According to Womersley (1984: 141) the type is from the west coast of Sweden. The type is marked "5" and agrees well with Linnaeus's description, and the number five is assigned to Ulva lactuca in Species plantarum (Papenfuss 1960).

Detailed distribution with sources
(as Ulva lactuca Linnaeus)
Arctic: Canada (Arctic) (Taylor 1957, Lee 1980).

Ireland: Antrim (Adams 1907, Guiry 1978, McMillan & Morton 1979, Morton 1994), Clare (Pybus 1977, Guiry 1978, De Valéra et al. 1979, Loughnane et al. 2008), Cork (Renouf 1931, Cullinane 1971, Cullinane, McCarthy & Fletcher 1975, Guiry 1978, Loughnane et al. 2008), Derry (Morton 1994), Donegal (Morton 2003), Down (Morton 1974, Guiry 1978, Morton & Chamberlain 1985, Morton 1994), Dublin (Anonymous 1818, Guiry 1978, Loughnane et al. 2008), Galway (Guiry 1978, Ottway & Mac Donnacha 1980), Kerry (Guiry 1978, Whelan & Cullinane 1985), Leitrim (Cullinane 1970, Guiry 1978), Limerick (Cullinane 1969, Guiry 1978), Louth (Synnott 1969, Guiry 1978), Mayo (Cotton 1912, Guiry 1978), Sligo (Cullinane 1970), Waterford (Guiry 1977, Guiry 1978), Wexford (Tighe 1803, Cotton 1913, Parkes & Scannell 1969, Norton 1970, Guiry 1978).

England: England (Kientz et al. 2011).

Scotland: Scotland (Marconi et al. 2011).

Europe: Adriatic (Munda 1979, Ercegovic 1980), Baltic Sea (Nielsen et al. 1995), Britain (Burrows 1991, Hardy & Guiry 2003, Brodie et al. 2007, Loughnane et al. 2008), Corsica (Gallardo et al. 1993), Denmark (Larsen & Sand-Jensen 2006), Faroe Islands (Irvine 1982, Nielsen & Gunnarsson 2001), France (Feldmann 1937, Feldmann 1954, Coppejans 1972, Dubois 1972, Ben Maiz, Boudouresque, Lauret & Riouall 1988, Gallardo et al. 1993, Coppejans 1995, Verlaque 2001, Dizerbo & Herpe 2007, Anon. 2012), Germany (Hünken et al 2005), Greece (Diannelidis 1953, Gerloff & Geissler 1974, Haritonidis & Tsekos 1976, Tsekos & Haritonidis 1977, Athanasiadis 1987, Gallardo et al. 1993, Christia et al. 2011), Helgoland (Bartsch & Kuhlenkamp 2000, Lam & Harder 2007), Ireland (Adams 1907, Cotton 1912, Cotton 1913, Cullinane 1969, Cullinane 1971, Guiry 1977, Pybus 1977, Guiry 1978, De Valéra et al. 1979, Whelan & Cullinane 1985, Burrows 1991, Morton 1994, Hayden & Waaland 2004, Guiry 2012), Netherlands (Stegenga & Mol 1983, Stegenga, Kaaremans & Simons 2007), Portugal (Ardré 1970, Araujo et al. 2009, Lopes et al. 2011, Araújo, Bárbara & Sousa-Pinto in press), Romania (Caraus 2002, Caraus 2012), Spain (Miranda 1931, Miranda 1934, Seoane-Camba 1965, Gallardo et al. 1985, Flores-Moya et al. 1995, Cires Rodriguez & Cuesta Moliner 2010), Spitsbergen (Vinogradova 1995), Sweden (Kylin 1907, Kylin 1949, Tolstoy & Österlund 2003), Turkey (Europe) (Güven & Öztig 1971, Güner, Aysel, Sukatar & Öztürk 1985, Gallardo et al. 1993, Taskin et al. 2008 ).

Atlantic Islands: Ascension (Price & John 1980, John et al. 2004), Azores (Neto 1994, Tittley & Neto 1994), Bermuda (Taylor 1957, Taylor 1960), Cape Verde Islands (John et al. 2004, Prud'homme van Reine, Haroun & Kostermans 2005), Gough Island (Chamberlain 1965), Greenland (Pedersen 2011), Iceland (Caram & Jónsson 1972), Madeira (Neto, Cravo & Haroun 2001, John et al. 2004), Salvage Islands (Audiffred & Weisscher 1984, John et al. 2004), St Helena (John et al. 2004), Tristan da Cunha (Baardseth 1941).

North America: Alaska (Lindstrom 1977, Hayden & Waaland 2004, Lindeberg & Lindstrom 2010), British Columbia (Hayden & Waaland 2004, Saunders & Kucera 2010), California (Abbott & Hollenberg 1976, Hayden & Waaland 2004, Miller 2012), Connecticut (Van Patten 2009), Delaware (Madden et al. 2012), Florida (Taylor 1957, Taylor 1960, Dawes 1974, Littler, Littler & Hanisak 2008), Gulf of California (Setchell & Gardner 1924, Dawson 1944), Maine (Mathieson et al. 2001, Saunders & Kucera 2010), Manitoba (Saunders & Kucera 2010), Mexico (Castaneda-Fernández de Lara et al. 2010 ), Mississippi (Taylor 1960), New Brunswick (Saunders & Kucera 2010), New Hampshire (Mathieson & Hehre 1986, Mathieson & Hehre 1986, Mathieson & Dawes 2002, Hofman et al. 2010), Newfoundland (Taylor 1957), Oregon (Hayden & Waaland 2004), Prince Edward Island (Saunders & Kucera 2010), Quebec (Taylor 1957), Rhode Island (Saunders & Kucera 2010), Texas (Taylor 1960, Wynne 2009), Virginia (Madden et al. 2012), Washington (Hayden & Waaland 2004).

Central America: Baja California (Norris 2010), Costa Rica (Taylor 1945, Taylor 1960, Fernández-García et al. 2011), El Salvador (Fernández-García et al. 2011), Islas Revillagigedo (Setchell & Gardner 1930, Taylor 1945), México (Pacific) (Pedroche et al. 2005), Panama (Taylor 1960).

Caribbean Islands: Alabama (Taylor 1960), Bahamas (Taylor 1960), Barbados (Taylor 1960, Taylor 1969), Caicos Islands (Taylor 1960), Caribbean (Taylor 1957, Littler & Littler 2000), Cuba (Taylor 1960, Cabrera, Moreira & Suárez 2004, Suárez 2005, Jover Capote & Lake Barragán 2008), Hispaniola (Taylor 1960), Jamaica (Taylor 1960), Lesser Antilles (Taylor 1960, Taylor 1969), Puerto Rico (Taylor 1960), Trinidad (Taylor 1960, Richardson 1975), Trinidad & Tobago (Duncan & Lee Lum 2006).

Western Atlantic: Trop. & Subtrop. W. Atlantic (Wynne 2011).

South America: Argentina (Boraso de Zaixso 2004, Boraso & Zaixso 2011), Brazil (Taylor 1930, Taylor 1960, Joly 1965, Oliveira Filho 1977, Lourenço et al 2005, Castelar et al. 2009, Villaca et al. 2010, Moura 2010), Chile (Chapman & Chapman 1980, Santelices 1989, Ramírez & Santelices 1991, Hoffmann & Santelices 1997, Leonardi et al 2006), Colombia (Taylor 1960), Ecuador (Taylor 1945), Galápagos Islands (Taylor 1945, Ruiz & Ziemmeck 2011), Peru (Ramírez & Santelices 1991, Aldon Coca, Juscamaita Morales & Gil Kodaka 2008), Uruguay (Howe 1931, Coll & Oliveira 1999), Venezuela (Taylor 1960, Ganesan 1990).

Indian Ocean Islands: Amsterdam Island (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996), Andaman Islands (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996), Christmas Island (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996), Laccadive Islands (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996), Maldives (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996), Nicobar Islands (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996), Réunion (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996), Rodrigues Island (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996), Seychelles (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996).

Asia: China (Tseng 1984, Zou et al. 2007, Zeng 2009, Titlyanov et al. 2011), Japan (Yoshida 1998, Shimada et al. 2003), Korea (Lee & Kang 2001, Lee 2008, Bae 2010), Russia (Titlyanov & Titlyanov 2012), Taiwan (Huang 2000, Lee et al 2005, Anon. 2012).

South-east Asia: Indonesia (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996), Malaysia (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996), Philippines (Silva, Meñez & Moe 1987), Singapore (Teo & Wee 1983, Silva, Basson & Moe 1996, Pham et al. 2011), Vietnam (Pham-Hoàng 1969, Abbott, Fisher & McDermid 2002, Tsutsui et al. 2005, Tien 2007).

Australia and New Zealand: Houtman Abrolhos (Huisman 1997), Lord Howe Island (Lewis 1987, Millar & Kraft 1994, Kraft 2000, Kraft 2007), New South Wales (Millar & Kraft 1994), New Zealand (Chapman 1956, Adams 1994, Adams 1997, Heesch et al. 2009 , Broady et al. 2012), Norfolk Island (Lewis 1987, Millar 1999), Queensland (Phillips 1997, Phillips 2002, Bostock & Holland 2010), South Australia (Womersley 1984), Victoria (Womersley 1984).

Pacific Islands: Easter Island (Børgesen 1924, Santelices & Abbott 1987), Federated States of Micronesia (Lobban & Tsuda 2003), Fiji (N'Yeurt, South & Keats 1996, South & Skelton 2003), French Polynesia (Payri, N'Yeurt & Orempuller 2000), Mariana Islands (Tsuda 2003).

Antarctic and the subantarctic islands: South Shetland Islands (Wiencke & Clayton 2002).

(as Ulva fasciata Delile)
Europe: Adriatic (Ercegovic 1980, Gallardo et al. 1993), France (Verlaque 2001, Dizerbo & Herpe 2007, Anon. 2012), Greece (Gerloff & Geissler 1974, Haritonidis & Tsekos 1976, Athanasiadis 1987, Gallardo et al. 1993), Italy (Gallardo et al. 1993, Gallardo et al. 1993, Furnari, Cormaci & Serio 1999), Spain (Gallardo et al. 1985, Gallardo et al. 1993), Turkey (Europe) (Güner, Aysel, Sukatar & Öztürk 1985, Gallardo et al. 1993, Taskin et al. 2008 ), Veneto (Sfriso, A.).

Atlantic Islands: Azores (Loughnane et al. 2008), Bermuda (Taylor 1960), Canary Islands (Gil-Rodríguez & Afonso-Carrillo 1980, Haroun et al. 2002, Gil-Rodríguez et al. 2003, John et al. 2004, Anon 2011), Cape Verde Islands (John et al. 2004, Prud'homme van Reine, Haroun & Kostermans 2005), Madeira (Neto, Cravo & Haroun 2001, John et al. 2004).

North America: Florida (Taylor 1960, Dawes 1974, Littler, Littler & Hanisak 2008), Georgia (Schneider & Searles 1991), Mexico (Aguilar-Rosas et al. 2005), North Carolina (Taylor 1960, Schneider & Searles 1991), South Carolina (Schneider & Searles 1991), Texas (Taylor 1960, Hayden & Waaland 2004, Wynne 2009).

Central America: Belize (Taylor 1960), Costa Rica (Taylor 1960, Fernández-García et al. 2011).

Caribbean Islands: Barbados (Taylor 1960, Taylor 1969), Caribbean (Littler & Littler 2000), Cuba (Taylor 1960, Cabrera, Moreira & Suárez 2004, Suárez 2005), Hispaniola (Taylor 1960), Jamaica (Taylor 1960), Lesser Antilles (Taylor 1960, Taylor 1969), Martinique (Rodríguez-Prieto, Michanek & Ivon 1999), Netherlands Antilles (Taylor 1960), Puerto Rico (Taylor 1960), Trinidad & Tobago (Taylor 1960, Richardson 1975, Duncan & Lee Lum 2006), Virgin Islands (Taylor 1960).

Western Atlantic: Trop. & Subtrop. W. Atlantic (Wynne 2011).

South America: Brazil (Taylor 1930, Taylor 1930, Joly 1957, Taylor 1960, Joly 1965, Oliveira Filho 1977, Villaca et al. 2010 , Moura 2010), Colombia (Taylor 1960), Galápagos Islands (Taylor 1945, Ruiz & Ziemmeck 2011), Uruguay (Taylor 1939, Coll & Oliveira 1999), Venezuela (Taylor 1960, Ganesan 1990).

Africa: Algeria (Gallardo et al. 1993), Angola (John et al. 2004), Côte d'Ivoire (Lawson & John 1987, John, Lawson & Ameka, 2003, John et al. 2004), Egypt (Aleem 1993, Gallardo et al. 1993), Equatorial Guinea (John et al. 2004), Ghana (Lawson & John 1987, John, Lawson & Ameka, 2003, John et al. 2004), Guinea (John et al. 2004), Kenya (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996, Bolton, Oyieke & Gwanda 2007), Liberia (Lawson & John 1987, John, Lawson & Ameka, 2003, John et al. 2004), Libya (Gallardo et al. 1993), Madagascar (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996), Mauritania (John et al. 2004), Mauritius (Børgesen 1940, Børgesen 1946, Silva, Basson & Moe 1996), Morocco (Dangeard 1949, Benhissoune, Boudouresque & Verlaque 2001, Benhissoune, Boudouresque & Verlaque 2001), Namibia (Rull Lluch 2002, John et al. 2004), São Tomé & Príncipe (Lawson & John 1987, John, Lawson & Ameka, 2003, John et al. 2004), Senegal (John et al. 2004), Somalia (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996), South Africa (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996, Stegenga, Bolton & Anderson 1997, Coppejans, Leliaert & Verbruggen 2005, Stirk et al. 2009), Tanzania (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996, Oliveira, Österlund & Mtolera 2005), Western Sahara (John et al. 2004).

Indian Ocean Islands: Andaman Islands (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996), Laccadive Islands (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996), Nicobar Islands (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996), Réunion (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996), Seychelles (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996).

South-west Asia: India (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996, Sahoo et al. 2001, Suryanarayanan et al. 2010), Iran (Sohrabi pour, J. & Rabii, R., 1996, Sohrabipour & Rabii 1999), Israel (Einav 2007), Levant states (Gallardo et al. 1993), Oman (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996), Pakistan (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996, Shahnaz & Shameel 2007), Sri Lanka (Børgesen 1936, Silva, Basson & Moe 1996, Coppejans et al. 2009), Turkey (Asia) (Taskin et al. 2008 ), Yemen (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996).

Asia: China (Tseng 1984, Wang 2012), Japan (Segawa 1981, Yoshida, Nakajima & Nakata 1990, Shimada et al. 2003, Titlyanov & Titlyanov 2012), Korea (Hayden & Waaland 2004, Lee 2008, Bae 2010), Taiwan (Huang 2000, Lee et al 2005, Hsu & Lee 2010, Chen 2011, Anon. 2012).

South-east Asia: Indonesia (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996), Philippines (Silva, Meñez & Moe 1987), Singapore (Teo & Wee 1983, Silva, Basson & Moe 1996, Pham et al. 2011), Vietnam (Pham-Hoàng 1969, Tien 2007).

Australia and New Zealand: New South Wales (Womersley 1984, Millar & Kraft 1994, Hayden & Waaland 2004, Kirkendale et al. 2013), New Zealand (Chapman 1956, Adams 1994, Heesch et al. 2009, Broady et al. 2012), Norfolk Island (Lewis 1987, Millar 1999), Papua New Guinea (Coppejans et al. 2001), Queensland (Lewis 1987, Bostock & Holland 2010), South Australia (Womersley 1984), Western Australia (Kraft et al. 2010).

Pacific Islands: Hawaiian Islands (Magruder & Hunt 1979, Abbott & Huisman, 2004, Hayden & Waaland 2004, McDermid et al. 2005, Beach et al. 2006, Huisman, Abbott & Smith 2007).

(as Ulva fenestrata Postels & Ruprecht)
Europe: Turkey (Europe) (Taskin et al. 2008 ).

North America: Alaska (Lindstrom 1977, Scagel et al. 1989), British Columbia (Scagel et al. 1989), California (Scagel et al. 1989), Oregon (Hansen 1997), Washington (Scagel et al. 1989, Nelson, Nelson & Tjoelker 2003, Van Alstyne, Pelletreau & Rosario 2003, Van Alstyne, Pelletreau & Rosario 2003).

Africa: Somalia (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996).

South-west Asia: India (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996, Sahoo et al. 2001), Pakistan (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996), Sri Lanka (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996), Turkey (Asia) (Taskin et al. 2008 ).

Asia: Commander Islands (Selivanova & Zhigadlova 1997), Japan (Yoshida, Nakajima & Nakata 1990, Yoshida 1998), Kamchatka (Selivanova & Zhigadlova 2009, Klochkova, Korolyova & Kusidi 2009), Russia (Perestenko 1980, Khotimchenko & Yakovleva 2004, Kozhenkova 2009).

South-east Asia: Singapore (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996), Vietnam (Tien 2007).

Taxonomic notes
Lipkin & Silva (2002: 53, 54) record Ulva lactuca sensu lato nec Linnaeus, growing on Laurencia, from Entedebir Island, Dahlak Archipelago. They note that it is possible that the eastern Mediterranean and Red Sea plants may represent a separate species but add that the relationships between the different Ulva populations of this extensive region should be clarified before any new names are proposed. - (16 Jun 2010) - Wendy Guiry

Key references
Bae, H.B. (2010). Ulotrichales, Ulvales. In: Algal flora of Korea. Volume 1, Number 1. Chlorophyta: Ulvophyceae: Ulotrichales, Ulvales, Cladophorales, Bryopsidales. Marine green algae. (Bae, E.H., Kim, H.-S., Kwon, C.-J., Hwang, I.-K., Kiim, G.H. & Klochkova, T.A. Eds), pp. 7-52. Incheon: National Institute of Biological Resources.

Braune, W. (2008). Meeresalgen. Ein Farbbildführer zu den verbreiteten benthischen Grün- Braun- und Rotalgen der Weltmeere. pp. [1]-596, pls 1-266 (colour photographs). Ruggell: A.R.G. Gantner Verlag.

Brodie, J., Maggs, C.A. & John, D.M. (2007). Green seaweeds of Britain and Ireland. pp. [i-v], vi-xii, 1-242, 101 figs. London: British Phycological Society.

Burova, O.V., Tsarenko, P.M., Kovalenko, O.V., Mikhailyuk, T.I., Petlovany, O.A., Lilitska, G.G. & Bilous, O.P. (2011). Ulvophyceae. In: Algae of Ukraine: diversity, nomenclature, taxonomy, ecology and geography. Volume 3: Chlorophyta. (Tsarenko, P.M., Wasser, S.P. & Nevo, E. Eds), pp. 20-61. Ruggell: A.R.A. Gantner Verlag K.-G.

Burrows, E.M. (1991). Seaweeds of the British Isles. Volume 2. Chlorophyta. pp. [i]-xi, [1]-238, 60 figs, 9 pls. London: Natural History Museum Publications.

Dawes, C.J. & Mathieson, A.C. (2008). The seaweeds of Florida. pp. [i]- viii, [1]-591, [592], pls I-LI. Gainesville, Florida: University Press of Florida.

Ding, L. & Luan, R. (2013). Flora algarum marinarum sinicarum Tomus IV Chlorophyta No. I Ulotrichales Chaetophorales, Phaeophilales Ulvales Acrosiphoniales. pp. [i]-xxi, 1-173, pls I-VI. Beijing: Science Press.

Funk, G. (1955). Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Meeresalgen von Neapel: Zugleich mikrophotographischer Atlas. Pubblicazioni della Stazione Zoologica di Napoli 25(Suppl.): i-x , 1- 178, 36 figs.

Hayden, H.S. & Waaland, J.R. (2004). A molecular systematic study of Ulva (Ulvaceae, Ulvales) from the northeast Pacific. Phycologia 43: 364-382.

Kirkendale, L., Saunders, G.W. & Winberg, P. (2013). A molecular survey of Ulva (Chlorophyta) in temperate Australia reveals enhanced levels of cosmopolitanism. Journal of Phycology 49(1): 69-81.

Kraft, G.T. (2007). Algae of Australia. Marine benthic algae of Lord Howe Island and the southern Great Barrier Reef, 1. Green algae. pp. [i-iv], v-vi, 1-347, 110 text-figs; 11 pls. Canberra & Melbourne: Australian Biological Resources Study & CSIRO Publishing.

Lindeberg, M.R. & Lindstrom, S.C. (2010). Field guide to the seaweeds of Alaska. pp. [i-]iii-iv, 1-188, numerous col. photographs. Fairbanks: Alaska Sea Grant College Program.

Loughnane, C.J., McIvor, L.M., Rindi, F., Stengel, D.B. & Guiry, M.D. (2008). Morphology, rbcL phylogeny and distribution of distromatic Ulva (Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyta) in Ireland and southern Britain. Phycologia 47: 416-429.

Norris, J.N. (2010). Marine algae of the Northern Gulf of California: Chlorophyta and Phaeophyceae. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 94: i-x, 1-276.

O'Kelly, C.J., Kurihara, A., Shipley, T.C. & Sherwood, A.R. (2010). Molecular assessment of Ulva spp. (Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyta) in the Hawaiian Islands. Journal of Phycology 46(4): 728-735.

Pedersen, P.M. (2011). Grønlands havalger. pp. [1] 7-208. Copenhagen: Forlaget Epsilon.DK.

Scagel, R.F. (1957). An annotated list of the marine algae of British Columbia and northern Washington (including keys to genera). Bulletin, National Museum of Canada 150: [i]-vi, 1-289.

Shimada, S., Hiraoka, M., Nabata, S., Lima, M. & Masuda, M. (2003). Molecular phylogenetic analyses of the Japanese Ulva and Enteromorpha (Ulvales, Ulvophyceae), with special reference to the free-floating Ulva. Phycological Research 51(2): 99-108.

Spencer, M.A., Irvine, L.M. & Jarvis, C.E. (2009). Typification of Linnaean names relevant to algal nomenclature. Taxon 58: 237-260.

Titlyanov, E.A. & Titlyanov, T.V. (2012). Marine plants of the Asian Pacific Region countries, their use and cultivation. pp. [1]-376, many col. photographs. Vladivostok: Dalnauka & A.V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Zemke-White, W.L. & Ohno, M. (1999). World seaweed utilisation: an end-of-century summary. Journal of Applied Phycology 11: 369-376.

UTEX Cultures
UTEX Culture LB 1857 Ulva lactuca
Go to UTEX Site

SAG Cultures
SAG Cultures may be viewed at http://sagdb.uni-goettingen.de/showstrains.php?genus=Ulva&species=lactuca

SCCAP Cultures
Cultures from the Scandinavian Culture Collection of Algae at the University of Copenhagen (SCCAP) and Protozoa may be viewed at http://www.sccap.dk/search/algaebase.asp?Genus=Ulva&Species=lactuca

NCBI Nucleotide Sequences

KU-MACC Cultures
Strain Number: KU-1603, Ulva lactuca
Go to KU-MACC Site

Created: 31 March 1996 by M.D. Guiry

Verified by: 20 May 2013 by M.D. Guiry

Accesses: This record has been accessed by users 48166 times since it was created.

References
(Please note: only references with the binomials in the title are included. The information is from the Literature database.)

Aldon Coca, D., Juscamaita Morales, J. & Gil Kodaka, P. (2008). Aprovechamiento de la macroalga Ulva lactuca en la producción de bioabono líquido a través del porceso de ensilaje. ALGAS. Boletín de la Sociedad Española de Ficología 39: 13 - 15.
Anderson, R. J., Monteiro, P. M. S. & Levitt, G. J. (1996). The effect of localised eutrophication on competition between Ulva lactuca (Ulvaceae, Chlorophyta) and a commercial resource of Gracilaria verrucosa (Gracilariacea, Rhodophyta). Proceedings of the International Seaweed Symposium 15: 291-296.
Bekheet, I. A., Kandil, K. M. & Shaban, N. Z. (1984). Studies on urease extracted from Ulva lactuca. Proceedings of the International Seaweed Symposium 11: 580-583.
Bonneau, E.R. (1977). Polymorphic behavior of Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyta) in axenic culture. I. Occurrence of Enteromorpha-like plants in haploid clones. Journal of Phycology 13: 133-140.
Chandler, M.T. & Vidaver, W.E. (1970). Photosynthetic oxygen induction transients in the alga Ulva lactuca L.. Phycologia 9: 133-142, 5 figs.
Cohen, I. & Neori, A. (1991). Ulva lactuca biofilters for marine fishpond effluents. 1. Ammonia uptake kinetics and nitrogen content. Botanica Marina 34: 475-482.
DeBusk, T.A., Blakeslee, M. & Ryther, J.H. (1986). Studies on outdoor cultivation of Ulva lactuca L.. Botanica Marina 29: 381-386.
Dizerbo, A.H. & Gilly, R. (1970). Un Ulva lactuca L. (Chlorophycees, Ulvaceae) de l'atoll de Clipperton (Pacifique nord). Revue Algologique, Nouvelle Serie 1: 90-91.
Enright, C.T. (1979). Competitive interaction between Chondrus crispus (Florideophyceae) and Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyceae) in Chondrus aquaculture. Proceedings of the International Seaweed Symposium 9: 209-218.
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Cite this record as:
M.D. Guiry in Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 2013. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org; searched on 25 May 2013.

Algaebase taxon LSID: urn:lsid:algaebase.org:taxname:77474