Karlodinium micrum (B.Leadbeater & J.D.Dodge) J.Larsen

Publication details
Karlodinium micrum (B.Leadbeater & J.D.Dodge) J.Larsen 2000: 309

Original publication: Daugbjerg, N., Hansen, G., Larsen, J. & Moestrup, Ø. (2000). Phylogeny of some of the major genera of dinoflagellates based on ultrastructure and partial LSU rDNA sequence data, including the erection of three new genera of unarmoured dinoflagellates. Phycologia 39: 302-317.

Type species
This is the type species (holotype) of the genus Karlodinium.

Status of name
This name is currently regarded as a taxonomic synonym of Karlodinium veneficum (D.Ballantine) J.Larsen

Basionym
Woloszynskia micra B.Leadbeater & J.D.Dodge

Homotypic Synonym(s)
Woloszynskia micra B.Leadbeater & J.D.Dodge 1966
Gymnodinium micrum (B.Leadbeater & J.D.Dodge) Loeblich III 1970

Usage notes
Harmful species

Detailed distribution with sources
(as Gymnodinium micrum (B.Leadbeater & J.D.Dodge) Loeblich III)
Europe: Britain (Parke & Dixon 1976).

(as Karlodinium micrum (B.Leadbeater & J.D.Dodge) J.Larsen)
Europe: Corsica (de Salas et al 2005), Norway (de Salas et al 2005).

North America: Maryland (Eissler et al. 2009).

Australia and New Zealand: New South Wales (de Salas et al 2005), New Zealand (Haywood et al., 2004), Tasmania (de Salas et al 2005), Western Australia (de Salas et al 2005, Harlow et al 2007).

Source of synonymy
Bergholtz, T., Daugbjerg, N., Moestrup, O. & Fernández-Tejedor, M. (2006). On the identity of Karlodinium veneficum and description of Karlodinium armiger sp. nov. (Dinophyceae), based on light and electron microscopy, nuclear encoded LSU rDNA and pigment composition. Journal of Phycology 42: 170-193.

Key references
Gómez, F. (2005). A list of free-living dinoflagellate species in the world's oceans. Acta Botanica Croatica 64: 129-212.

Hallegraeff, G.M., Anderson, D.M. & Cembella, A.D., Eds (2003). Manual on harmful marine microalgae. Paris: UNESCO.

Harlow, L.D., Koutoulis, A. & Hallegraeff, G.M. (2007). S-adenosylmethionine synthetase genes from eleven marine dinoflagellates. Phycologia 46: 46-53.

Lindberg, K., Moestrup, Ø & Daugbjerg, N. (2005). Studies on woloszynskioid dinoflagellates I: Woloszynskia coronata re-examined using light and electron microscopy and partial LSU rDNA sequences, with description of Tovellia gen. nov. and Jadwigia gen. nov. (Tovelliaceae fam. nov.). Phycologia 44: 416-440.

Zhang, H., Bhattacharya, D. & Lin, S. (2005). Phylogeny of dinoflagellates based on mitochondrial cytochrome b and nuclear small subunit rDNA sequence comparisons. Journal of Phycology 41: 411-420.

NCBI Nucleotide Sequences
As of 2 June 2009, nucleotide sequence data are available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Genbank for 16,889 samples identified as Karlodinium micrum.

Created: 26 April 2002 by M.D. Guiry

Verified by: 31 January 2007 by Wendy Guiry

Accesses: This record has been accessed by users 422 times since it was created.

References
(Please note: only references with the binomials in the title are included. The information is from the Literature database.)

Adolf, J.E., Stoecker, D.K. & Harding, Jr, L.W. (2003). Autotrophic growth and photoacclimation in Karlodinium micrum (Dinophyceae) and Storeatula major (Cryptophyceae). Journal of Phycology 39: 1101-1108.