Asparagopsis taxiformis (Delile) Trevisan de Saint-Léon

Classification:
Empire Eukaryota
Kingdom Plantae
Subkingdom Biliphyta
Phylum Rhodophyta
Subphylum Eurhodophytina
Class Florideophyceae
Subclass Rhodymeniophycidae
Order Bonnemaisoniales
Family Bonnemaisoniaceae
Genus Asparagopsis

Pictures:

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Houtman Abrolhos, Western Australia. John Huisman. © John Huisman. From: Huisman, J.M. (2000). Marine Plants of Australia. University of Western Australia Press, Nedlands, Western Australia..

Asparagopsis taxiformis. 08 Dec 2004. Peter Skelton. © ORDA.

South Africa; gametophyte. Robert Anderson. © Robert Anderson.

© ABC Taxa. From: Coppejans, E., Leliaert, F., Dargent, O., Gunasekara, R., & De Clerck, O. (2009). Sri Lankan Seaweeds Methodologies and field guide to the dominant species. Vol. 6 pp. 1-265.: ABC Taxa..

KwaZulu-Natal. Heroen Verbruggen. © Heroen Verbruggen. From: De Clerck, O., Bolton, J.J., Anderson, R.J. & Coppejans, E. (2005). Guide to the seaweeds of KwaZulu-Natal. Scripta Botanica Belgica 33: 1-294. Purchase information.

KwaZulu-Natal; Falkenbergia-phase plants. Heroen Verbruggen. © Heroen Verbruggen. From: De Clerck, O., Bolton, J.J., Anderson, R.J. & Coppejans, E. (2005). Guide to the seaweeds of KwaZulu-Natal. Scripta Botanica Belgica 33: 1-294. Purchase information.

Madeira. Peter Wirtz. © Peter Wirtz.

Tanzania; Falkenbergia-phase plants under microscope. Katrin Østerlund. © Katrin Østerlund. From: Oliveira, E., Österlund, K. & Mtolera, M.S.P. (2005). Marine Plants of Tanzania. A field guide to the seaweeds and seagrasses. pp. 267, Numerous coloured illustrations and line drawings. Stockholm: Botany Department, Stockholm University.

Panama. Sporophyte — In situ image showing the creeping filamentous mats.. D.S. Littler. © D.S. Littler.

Panama. Filament with 3 pericentral cells; each cell set rotated approximately 60°.. D.S. Littler. © D.S. Littler.

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Asparagopsis taxiformis (Delile) Trevisan de Saint-Léon Panama. Filament with 3 pericentral cells; each cell set rotated approximately 60°.

Publication details
Asparagopsis taxiformis (Delile) Trevisan de Saint-Léon 1845: 45

Original publication: Trevisan, V.B.A. (1845). Nomenclator algarum, ou collection des noms imposées aux plantes de la famille des algues. Vol. 1 pp. 80. Padoue [Padua].

Type species
The type species (holotype) of the genus Asparagopsis is Asparagopsis delilei Montagne.

Status of name
This name is of an entity that is currently accepted taxonomically.

Basionym
Fucus taxiformis Delile

Type information
Type locality: Alexandria, Egypt (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996: 182). Type: herb. Lenormand, C (Yoshida 1998: 648).

Origin of species name
Adjective (Latin), resembling the genus Taxus.

Homotypic Synonym(s)
Fucus taxiformis Delile 1813
Lictoria taxiformis (Delile) J.Agardh 1841

Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Asparagopsis delilei Montagne 1841
Dasya delilei Montagne 1841
Asparagopsis sandfordiana Harvey 1855
Asparagopsis sanfordiana Harvey 1855
Polysiphonia hillebrandii Bornet 1883
Falkenbergia hillebrandii (Bornet) Falkenberg 1901

General environment
This is a Marine species.

Common names

(as Asparagopsis taxiformis (Delile) Trevisan de Saint-Léon)
Hawaiian: Limu Kohu (Madlener 1977), Limu Lipaakai (Madlener 1977), Kohu Koko (Madlener 1977).

Japanese: Kagikenori (Madlener 1977).

Common names used in commerce, often for edible algae
limu kohu; bulaklak {Tagal}

Usage notes
Used fresh in Hawaii as “limu” (generic name for seaweed) to flavour meat and fish dishes.

Habitat
A tropical/subtropical species; thalli are epilithic (Womersley 1996: 331).

Detailed distribution with sources
(as Asparagopsis delilei Montagne)
Atlantic Islands: Canary Islands (Price, John & Lawson 1986).

Africa: Pagalu (Price, John & Lawson 1986).

(as Dasya delilei Montagne)
Atlantic Islands: Canary Islands (Gil-Rodriguez 1982, Price, John & Lawson 1986).

(as Asparagopsis taxiformis (Delile) Trevisan de Saint-Léon)
Europe: Balearic Islands (Ballesteros & Rodríguez-Prieto 1996), France (Dizerbo & Herpe 2007), Italy (Ní Chualáin et al. 2004, Ní Chualáin et al. 2004), Spain (Báez, Conde & Flores-Moya 2001).

Atlantic Islands: Azores (Neto 1994, Tittley & Neto 2005), Bermuda (Taylor 1960), Canary Islands (Gil-Rodriguez 1982, Ballesteros, Sansón, Reyes, Afonso-Carrillo & Gil-Rodríguez 1992, Haroun et al. 2002, Herrera-López et al 2003, Moreira-Reyes et al 2003, Gil-Rodríguez et al. 2003, John et al. 2004, Ní Chualáin et al. 2004, Hernández-González et al. 2004a, Hernández-González et al. 2004b, Domínguez-Alvarez et al. 2005), Cape Verde Islands (Otero-Schmitt & Sanjuan 1992, John et al. 2004, Prud'homme van Reine, Haroun & Kostermans 2005), Madeira (Levring 1974, Neto, Cravo & Haroun 2001, Haroun et al. 2002, John et al. 2004), Salvage Islands (Gil-Rodríguez & Afonso-Carrillo 1980, Audiffred & Weisscher 1984, Price, John & Lawson 1986, Price, John & Lawson 1986, Parente et al. 2000, John et al. 2004).

North America: California (Abbott & Hollenberg 1976, Stewart 1991), Florida (Schneider & Searles 1991, Ní Chualáin et al. 2004), Georgia (Schneider & Searles 1991), Mexico (Dawson 1953, Ní Chualáin et al. 2004), North Carolina (Schneider & Searles 1991).

Central America: Panama (Taylor 1960).

Caribbean Islands: Bahamas (Taylor 1960), Barbados (Taylor 1960, Taylor 1969), Caribbean (Littler & Littler 2000), Cuba (Suárez 2005), Hispaniola (Betancourt & Herrera-Moreno, 2001), Jamaica (Taylor 1960), Lesser Antilles (Taylor 1960, Taylor 1969), Martinique (Rodríguez-Prieto, Michanek & Ivon 1999), Puerto Rico (Ní Chualáin et al. 2004), Virgin Islands (Taylor 1960).

South America: Brazil (Taylor 1930, Taylor 1960, Joly 1965, Falcão & Menezes de Széchy 2005), Chile (Santelices 1989, Ramírez & Santelices 1991), Colombia (Díaz-Pulido & Díaz-Ruíz 2003), Venezuela (Taylor 1960, Ganesan 1990).

Africa: Egypt (Papenfuss 1968, Aleem 1993), Equatorial Guinea (John et al. 2004), Ghana (Price, John & Lawson 1986, Lawson & John 1987, John, Lawson & Ameka, 2003, John et al. 2004), Guinea (John et al. 2004), Kenya (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996), Liberia (Price, John & Lawson 1986, John, Lawson & Ameka, 2003, John et al. 2004), Madagascar (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996), Mauritania (John et al. 2004), Mauritius (Børgesen 1942, Silva, Basson & Moe 1996), Nigeria (Price, John & Lawson 1986, Lawson & John 1987, John, Lawson & Ameka, 2003, John et al. 2004), Senegal (John et al. 2004), South Africa (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996, De Clerck, Tronchin & Schils 2005 ), Tanzania (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996, Oliveira, Österlund & Mtolera 2005).

Indian Ocean Islands: Laccadive Islands (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996), Maldives (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996), Seychelles (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996).

South-west Asia: Bangladesh (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996), India (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996, Sahoo et al. 2001), Iran (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996), Israel (Hoffman 2004, Einav 2007), Jordan (Papenfuss 1968), Kuwait (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996), Oman (Wynne & Jupp 1998), Pakistan (Silva, Basson & Moe 1996), Sri Lanka (Coppejans et al. 2009), Yemen (Papenfuss 1968).

Asia: China (Tseng 1984), Japan (Yoshida, Nakajima & Nakata 1990, Yoshida 1998, Ní Chualáin et al. 2004), Korea (Lee & Kang 2001, Lee 2008), Taiwan (Huang 2000).

South-east Asia: Philippines (Silva, Meñez & Moe 1987, Kraft et al. 1999), Vietnam (Pham-Hoàng 1969, Abbott, Fisher & McDermid 2002, Ní Chualáin et al. 2004, Tsutsui et al. 2005).

Australia and New Zealand: Lord Howe Island (Millar & Kraft 1993, Womersley 1996, Huisman 2000), New Zealand (Adams 1994), Northern Territory (Womersley 1958, Lewis 1984, Womersley 1996, Huisman 2000), Queensland (Lewis 1984, Cribb 1996, Womersley 1996, Phillips 1997, Huisman 2000, Phillips 2002), South Australia (Womersley 1996, Huisman 2000), Western Australia (Huisman & Walker 1990, Womersley 1996, Huisman 2000, Huisman & Borowitzka 2003, Ní Chualáin et al. 2004).

Pacific Islands: Easter Island (Santelices & Abbott 1987), Federated States of Micronesia (Lobban & Tsuda 2003), Fiji (N'Yeurt, South & Keats 1996, South & Skelton 2003, Littler & Littler 2003), French Polynesia (Payri, N'Yeurt & Orempuller 2000, N'Yeurt & Payri 2010), Hawaiian Islands (Magruder & Hunt 1979, Abbott 1999, Ní Chualáin et al. 2004, McDermid et al. 2005, Beach et al. 2006, Skelton & South 2007, Sherwood 2008), Marshall Islands (Skelton & South 2007), Samoa (Skelton & South 2007), Wake Atoll (Ysuda et al. 2010).

(as Asparagopsis sandfordiana Harvey)
North America: Gulf of California (Dawson 1944).

Central America: Islas Revillagigedo (Setchell & Gardner 1930, Taylor 1945).

South America: Ecuador (Taylor 1945).

(as Falkenbergia hillebrandii (Bornet) Falkenberg)
Europe: Spain (Miranda 1934, Miranda 1936).

Atlantic Islands: Bermuda (Taylor 1960), Canary Islands (Price, John & Lawson 1986), Cape Verde Islands (Price, John & Lawson 1986), Salvage Islands (Audiffred & Weisscher 1984, Price, John & Lawson 1986, Parente et al. 2000).

North America: Florida (Taylor 1960), Isla Guadalupe (Setchell & Gardner 1930), Mexico (Dawson 1953, Taylor 1960).

Caribbean Islands: Bahamas (Taylor 1960), Barbados (Taylor 1960), Cayman Islands (Taylor 1960), Lesser Antilles (Taylor 1960, Taylor 1969), Martinique (Rodríguez-Prieto, Michanek & Ivon 1999), Virgin Islands (Taylor 1960).

South America: Brazil (Joly 1957, Taylor 1960, Joly 1965).

Africa: Ghana (Price, John & Lawson 1986), Liberia (Price, John & Lawson 1986), Nigeria (Price, John & Lawson 1986), Senegal (Price, John & Lawson 1986).

Asia: Japan (Titlyanov et al 2006).

South-east Asia: Vietnam (Abbott, Fisher & McDermid 2002).

Key references
Braune, W. (2008). Meeresalgen. Ein Farbbildführer zu den verbreiteten benthischen Grün- Braun- und Rotalgen der Weltmeere. pp. [1]-596, 266 pls. Ruggell: A.R.G. Gantner Verlag.

Dawes, C.J. & Mathieson, A.C. (2008). The seaweeds of Florida. pp. [i]- viii, [1]-591, [592], pls I-LI. Gainesville, Florida: University Press of Florida.

N'Yeurt, A.D.R. & Payri, C.E. (2010). Marine algal flora of French Polynesia III. Rhodophyta, with additions to the Phaeophyceae and Chlorophyta. Cryptogamie: Algologie 31: 3-205.

Ní Chualáin, F., Maggs, C.A., Saunders, G.W. & Guiry, M.D. (2004). The invasive genus Asparagopsis (Bonnemaisoniaceae, Rhodophyta): molecular systematics, morphology, and ecophysiology of Falkenbergia isolates. Journal of Phycology 40: 1112-1126.

Silva, P.C., Basson, P.W. & Moe, R.L. (1996). Catalogue of the benthic marine algae of the Indian Ocean. University of California Publications in Botany 79: 1-1259.

Skelton, P.A. & South, G.R. (2007). The benthic marine algae of the Samoan Archipelago, South Pacific, with emphasis on the Apia District. Nova Hedwigia Beihefte 132: 1-350.

Womersley, H.B.S. (1996). The marine benthic flora of southern Australia - Part IIIB - Gracilariales, Rhodymeniales, Corallinales and Bonnemaisoniales. Vol. 5 pp. 1-392, 160 figs. Canberra & Adelaide: Australian Biological Resources Study & the State Herbarium of South Australia.

Wynne, M.J. (2005). A check-list of benthic marine algae of the tropical and subtropical western Atlantic: second revision. Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia 129: 1-152.

Zemke-White, W.L. & Ohno, M. (1999). World seaweed utilisation: an end-of-century summary. Journal of Applied Phycology 11: 369-376.

Zeng, C. (Tseng, C.K.), Luan, R., Chen, Z. & Li, W. (2000). Flora algarum marinarum sinicarum Tomus II Rhodophyta No. II Acrochaetiales Nemaliales Bonnemaisoniales. pp. [i-vii], i-xxiii, 1-180, , pls I-VIII. Beijing: Science Press.

NCBI Nucleotide Sequences

KU-MACC Cultures
Strain Number: KU-984, Asparagopsis taxiformis
Go to KU-MACC Site

Created: 29 July 1996 by M.D. Guiry

Verified by: 20 May 2010 by M.D. Guiry

Accesses: This record has been accessed by users 5153 times since it was created.

References
(Please note: only references with the binomials in the title are included. The information is from the Literature database.)

Altamirano, M., Muñoz, A.R., de la Rosa, J. Barrajon-Minguez, A., Barrajon-Domenech, A., Moreno-Robledo, C., Arroyo, M.C. (2008). The invasive species Asparagopsis taxiformis (Bonnemaisoniales, Rhodophyta) on Andalusian coasts (southern Spain): reproductive stages, new records and invaded communities. Acta Botanica Malacitana 33: 5-15.
Andreakis, N., Procaccini, G. & Kooistra, W.H.C.F. (2004). Asparagopis taxiformis and Asparagopsis armata (Bonnemaisoniales, Rhodophyta): genetic and morphological identification of Mediterranean populations. European Journal of Phycology 39: 273-284.
Ballesteros, E. & Rodríguez-Prieto, C. (1996). Presencia d'Asparagopsis taxiformis (Delile) Trevisan a Balears (Presence of Asparagopsis taxiformis (Delile) Trevisan in the Balearic Islands). Boll. Soc. Hist. Nat. Balears 39: 135-138.
Barone, R. (2004). Asparagopsis taxiformis (Delile) Trevisan (Rhodophyta) E Trichodesmium erythraeum Ehrenberg (Cyanobacteria), due taxa algali tropicali identificati nelle acque costiere della Sicilia. Naturalista sicil., S. 4(28): 183-203.
Barone, R., Mannino, A.M. & Marino, M. (2004). Asparagopsis taxiformis (Bonnemaisoniales, Rhodophyta): first record of gametophytes on the Italian coast. Bocconea 16: 1021-1025.
Bhanderi, P.P. (1975). An estimate of the iodine yielding seaweed Asparagopsis taxiformis (Delile) Collins and Hervey ('Hervey') from some subtidal reefs of Saurashtra coast. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India 16: 288-289, 1 table.
Rojas, J.J., Lemus, A. & Ganesan, E.K. (1982). El ciclo vital "in vitro" del alga marina roja Asparagopsis taxiformis (Delile) Collins & Hervey (Bonnemaisoniales, Rhodophyta) del Mar Caribe. Bol. Inst. Oceanogr. (Cumaná) 21: 101-112.
Sherwood, A.R. (2008). Phylogeography of Asparagopsis taxiformis (Bonnemaisonales, Rhodophyta) in the Hawaiian Islands: two mtDNA markets support three separate introductions.. Phycologia 47: 79-88.
Woolard, F.X., Moore, R.E. & Roller, P.P. (1979). Halogenated acetic and acrylic acids from the red alga Asparagopsis taxiformis. Phytochemistry 18: 617-620.