Dilsea carnosa (Schmidel) Kuntze

Classification:
Empire Eukaryota
Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Rhodophyta
Subphylum Eurhodophytina
Class Florideophyceae
Subclass Rhodymeniophycidae
Order Gigartinales
Family Dumontiaceae
Genus Dilsea

Pictures

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Collected near Roscoff (F), December 1984. 29 Dec 2011. Elmar Wosnitza. © Christine Wosnitza.

Dilsea carnosa Cuan, Ventry Harbour, Co. Kerry, Ireland. 11 Aug 2010. M.D. Guiry. © Michael Guiry (mike.guiry@nuigalway.ie).

Lurido, A Coruña, Galicia, Spain, 2008. Ignacio Bárbara. © Ignacio Bárbara (barbara@udc.es).

Cambre, A Coruña, Galicia, Spain, 2008, Ignacio Bárbara. Ignacio Bárbara. © Ignacio Bárbara (barbara@udc.es).

Cambre, A Coruña, Galicia, Spain, 2008. Ignacio Bárbara. © Ignacio Bárbara (barbara@udc.es).

Cooliva Quay, Co. Clare, Ireland; plants on sandy rocks at low water. 28 Apr 2006. Michael Guiry. © Michael Guiry (mike.guiry@nuigalway.ie).

New Quay, Co. Clare, Ireland; plants at MLWS. 29 Mar 2002. Michael Guiry. © Michael Guiry (mike.guiry@nuigalway.ie).

New Quay, Co. Clare, Ireland; plants at MLWS to 160 mm long. 29 Mar 2002. Michael Guiry. © Michael Guiry (mike.guiry@nuigalway.ie).

Spiddal, Co. Galway, Ireland; lower-shore lagoon; plants to 200 mm long. 26 Mar 2005. Michael Guiry. © Michael Guiry (mike.guiry@nuigalway.ie).

Spiddal, Co. Galway, Ireland; plants at MLWS to 150 mm long. 18 Apr 2003. Michael Guiry. © Michael Guiry (mike.guiry@nuigalway.ie).

Dilsea carnosa (Schmidel) Kuntze Spiddal, Co. Galway, Ireland; plants at MLWS to 150 mm long

Publication details
Dilsea carnosa (Schmidel) Kuntze 1898: 404

Original publication: Kuntze, O. (1898). Revisio generum plantarum. Pars III (3). pp. 1-576. Leipzig, London, Milano, New York, Paris: Arthur Felix, Dulau & Co., U. Hoepli, Gust. A. Schechert, Charles Klincksierck.
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Type species
The type species (holotype) of the genus Dilsea is Dilsea edulis Stackhouse.

Status of name
This name is of an entity that is currently accepted taxonomically.

Basionym
Fucus carnosus Schmidel

Type information
Type locality: Dieppe, Normandy, France (Schmidel 1794: 75).

Origin of species name
Adjective (Latin), fleshy, succulent, soft but firm (Stearn 1973).

Homotypic Synonym(s)
Fucus carnosus Schmidel 1794

Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Fucus edulis Stackhouse 1801
Dilsea edulis Stackhouse 1809
Ulva edulis (Stackhouse) Lyngbye 1819
Halymenia edulis (Stackhouse) C.Agardh 1822
Iridaea edulis (Stackhouse) Greville 1830
Sarcophyllis lobata Kützing 1843
Schizymenia edulis (Stackhouse) Kleen 1874
Sarcophyllis edulis (Stackhouse) J.Agardh 1876

General environment
This is a marine species.

Common names

(as Dilsea edulis Stackhouse)
Danish: Røde Klude (Dickinson 1963).

English: Dulse (Dickinson 1963).

Gaeilge: Creanna garbh (Brennan 1950), Cáithleach (Anonymous 1978).

(as Dilsea carnosa (Schmidel) Kuntze)
English: Red Rags (Bunker et al. 2010).

Description
Dark red, frequently becoming yellow above, thickest of the foliose red algae in the N Atlantic, flattened cartilaginous fronds, arising in groups of small, medium and large from an thick, discoid holdfast, obtuse, ovate with tapered base, to 500 mm long, 250 mm broad. Reproducing in the depths of winter.

Habitat
On rock in shady pools, lower intertidal on rock, and shallow subtidal to 25 m, usually on rock in kelp forests; widely distributed, common.

Similar species
This is the thickest and most cartilaginous of the broad, leaf-like species. Could be confused with Schizymenia dubyi and Kallymenia reniformis, both of which are thinner and softer. Young plants are characteristically ligulate. Palmaria palmata has usually one or more narrow dichotomies and is thinner and more slippery.

Distribution by country

Point data for Ireland and Britain

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Detailed distribution with sources
(as Dilsea edulis Stackhouse)
Ireland: Antrim (Adams 1907), Cork (Anonymous 1896, Renouf 1931), Mayo (Cotton 1912), Wexford (Cotton 1913).

Europe: Britain (Newton 1931), Ireland (Adams 1907, Cotton 1912, Cotton 1913), Spain (Miranda 1931), Sweden (Kylin 1907, Kylin 1944).

Asia: Japan (Okamura 1936).

(as Iridaea edulis (Stackhouse) Greville)
Ireland: Antrim (Dickie 1871), Dublin (Sanders 1860).

Europe: Britain (Chapman & Chapman 1980), Ireland (Sanders 1860).

(as Dilsea carnosa (Schmidel) Kuntze)
Ireland: Antrim (Morton 1994), Clare (De Valéra et al. 1979), Cork (Cullinane 1971, Cullinane, McCarthy & Fletcher 1975, Guiry 1978), Derry (Morton 1994), Donegal (Guiry 1978, Maggs & Guiry 1982, Tai, Lindstrom & Saunders 2001, Morton 2003), Down (Morton 1974, Guiry 1978, Morton 1994), Galway (Guiry 1978), Kerry (Guiry 1978), Mayo (Guiry 1978), Waterford (Guiry 1978), Wexford (Parkes & Scannell 1969, Norton 1970, Guiry 1978).

Europe: Baltic Sea (Nielsen et al. 1995), Britain (Irvine 1983, Hardy & Guiry 2003), Faroe Islands (Irvine 1982, Nielsen & Gunnarsson 2001), France (Feldmann 1954, Dizerbo & Herpe 2007, Loiseaux-de Goër & Noailles 2008, Zubia et al. 2009, Anon. 2012), Ireland (Cullinane 1971, Guiry 1978, De Valéra et al. 1979, Irvine 1983, Morton 1994, Guiry 2012), Norway (Rueness 1997), Portugal (Ardré 1970, Araújo et al., 2003, Araujo et al. 2009, Araújo, Bárbara & Sousa-Pinto in press), Scandinavia (Athanasiadis 1996), Spain (Gallardo & Pérez-Cirera 1982, Perez-Cirera, Cremades, Bárbara & Lopez 1991, Bárbara, Cremades & Pérez-Cirera 1995, Bárbara & Cremades 1996, Veiga, Cremades & Bárbara 1998, Valenzuela Miranda 2002, Bárbara et al. 2005, Cires Rodriguez & Cuesta Moliner 2010), Spitsbergen (Vinogradova 1995).

Atlantic Islands: Azores (Neto 1994), Iceland (Caram & Jónsson 1972).

Nomenclatural notes
See Lindstrom (1985: 260) for a discussion of the problems associated with the very brief description of Fucus carnosus originally given by Schmidel (1784: 75) and the "gray areas of valid publication", which remain unresolved. - (21 May 2012) - M.D. Guiry

Key references
Braune, W. (2008). Meeresalgen. Ein Farbbildführer zu den verbreiteten benthischen Grün- Braun- und Rotalgen der Weltmeere. pp. [1]-596, pls 1-266 (colour photographs). Ruggell: A.R.G. Gantner Verlag.

Irvine, L.M. (1983). Seaweeds of the British Isles. Volume 1. Rhodophyta. Part 2A. Cryptonemiales (sensu stricto), Palmariales, Rhodymeniales. pp. [i]-xii, [1]-115. London: British Museum (Natural History).

Loiseaux-de Goër, S. & Noailles, M.-C. (2008). Algues de Roscoff. pp. [1]-215, col. figs. Roscoff: Editions de la Station Biologique de Roscoff.

SAG Cultures
SAG Cultures may be viewed at http://sagdb.uni-goettingen.de/showstrains.php?genus=Dilsea&species=carnosa

SCCAP Cultures
Cultures from the Scandinavian Culture Collection of Algae at the University of Copenhagen (SCCAP) and Protozoa may be viewed at http://www.sccap.dk/search/algaebase.asp?Genus=Dilsea&Species=carnosa

NCBI Nucleotide Sequences

Created: 31 March 1996 by M.D. Guiry

Verified by: 20 November 2008 by M.D. Guiry

Accesses: This record has been accessed by users 7237 times since it was created.

References
(Please note: only references with the binomials in the title are included. The information is from the Literature database.)

Bert, J.-J. (1965). Sur la structure et le développment de l'appareil reproducteur femelle de Dilsea carnosa (Schmidel) Kuntze et la position systématique du genre Dilsea. Compte Rendu Hebdomadaire des Séances de lAcadémie des Sciences. Paris. 261: 2702-2704.
Bert, J.-J. (1981). Recherches anatomiques et cytologiques sur Dilsea carnosa (Schmidel) O. Kuntze. Bulletin de la Société Linnéenne de Normandie 108: 37-42.
Porter, D. & Farnham, W.F. (1986). Mycaureola dilseae, a marine basidiomycete parasite of the red alga, Dilsea carnosa. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 87: 575-582.
Zinoun, M., Deslandes, E. & Cosson, J. (1990). Chemical and spectroscopic analysis of phycocolloid extracts from Dilsea carnosa (Rhodophyceae, Cryptonemiales). Cryptogamie, Algologie 11(4): 257-263.
Zonoun, M., Deslandes, E. & Cosson, J. (1990). Étude chimique et spectroscopique des phycocolloïdes extraits de Dilsea carnosa (Rhodophycée, Cryptonémiale). Cryptogamie, Algologie 11: 257-263.

Linking to this page: http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=128

Citing AlgaeBase
Cite this record as:
Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 2013. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org; searched on 23 May 2013.

Algaebase taxon LSID: urn:lsid:algaebase.org:taxname:77388