Euglena gracilis Klebs

Classification:
Empire Eukaryota
Kingdom Protozoa
Subkingdom Biciliata
Infrakingdom Excavata
Phylum Euglenozoa
Class Euglenophyceae
Order Euglenales
Family Euglenaceae
Genus Euglena

Pictures:

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Kingston, Washington, USA; golf course, 1000x, DIC. 06 May 2008. Karl Bruun. © Karl Bruun.

Euglena gracilis Klebs Kingston, Washington, USA; golf course, 1000x, DIC

Publication details
Euglena gracilis Klebs 1883: 303, pl. 3: fig. 11

Original publication: Klebs, G. (1883). Über die Organisation einiger Flagellatengruppen und ihre Beziehungen zu Algen und Infusorien. Untersuchungen aus dem Botanischen Institut zu Tübingen 1: 233-362.
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Type species
The type species (lectotype) of the genus Euglena is Euglena viridis (O.F.Müller) Ehrenberg.

Status of name
This name is of an entity that is currently accepted taxonomically.

Origin of species name
Adjective (Latin), thin, slender (Stearn 1973).

Synonym(s)
No synonyms are currently included in AlgaeBase.

Detailed distribution with sources
(as Euglena gracilis Klebs)
Europe: Britain (Wolowski 2002), Germany (Toepel et al 2005), Romania (Caraus 2002), Spain (Alvárez Cobelas 1984).

South-west Asia: Iran (Afsharzadeh et al. 2003), Turkey (Asia) (Soylu & Gonulol 2006).

Asia: China (Hu & Wei 2006).

Australia and New Zealand: New South Wales (Day et al. 1995), Queensland (Day et al. 1995).

Source of synonymy
Starmach, K. (1983). Euglenophyta - Eugleniny. Vol. 3 pp. 594. Warszawa: Panstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe.

Key references
Fiol, D.F. & Salerno, G.L. (2005). Trehalose synthesis in Euglena gracilis (Euglenophyceae) occurs though and enzyme complex. Journal of Phycology 41: 812-818.

Hu, H. & Wei, Y. (2006). The freshwater algae of China. Systematics, taxonomy and ecology. pp. [4 pls of 16 figs], [i-iv], i-xv, 1-1023. China: www.sciencep.com.

Rocchetta, I., Leonardi, P.I., Amado Filho, G.M., Del Carmen Ríos de Molina, M. & Conforti, V. (2007). Ultrastructure and X-ray microanalysis of Euglena gracilis (Euglenophyta) under chromium stress. Phycologia 46(3): 300-306, 20 figs.

Toepel, J., Langner, U. & Wilhelm, C. (2005). Combination of flow cytometry and single cell absorption spectroscopy to study the phytoplankton structure and to calculate the chi a specific absorption coefficients at the taxon level. Journal of Phycology 2005: 1099-1109.

UTEX Cultures
UTEX Culture 159 Euglena gracilis var. urophora
Go to UTEX Site

CCAP Cultures
CCAP Strain Number 1224/5A Euglena gracilis Klebs
Go to CCAP Site

NCBI Nucleotide Sequences
As of 2 June 2009, nucleotide sequence data are available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Genbank for 24,017 samples identified as Euglena gracilis.

Created: 11 April 2002 by M.D. Guiry

Verified by: 22 November 2007 by Wendy Guiry

Accesses: This record has been accessed by users 1277 times since it was created.

References
(Please note: only references with the binomials in the title are included. The information is from the Literature database.)

Aaronson, S. & Bensky, B. (1962). O-methylthreonine, a new bleaching agent for Euglena gracilis. Journal of General Microbiology 27: 75-98.
Adams, K.J. (1973). Characterisation of a cell division commitment threshold in the cell cycle of Euglena gracilis. British Phycological Journal 8: 204.
Balzer, I. & Hardeland, R. (1991). Differential light effects on the dark motility rhythm in Euglena gracilis by series of short light pulses: induction of long-term fluctuations and holding of the circadian oscillator. Int J Biometeorol 34(4): 235-238.
Boasson, R. & Gibbs, S.P. (1973). Chloroplast replication in synchronously dividing Euglena gracilis. Planta 115: 125-134.
Bäumer, D., Preisfeld, A. & Georg Ruppel, H. (2001). Isolation and characterization of paramylon snythase from Euglena gracilis (Euglenophyceae). Journal of Phycology 37: 38-46.
Chisholm, S.W. & Stross, R.G. (1976). Phosphate uptake kinetics in Euglena gracilis (Z) (Euglenophyceae) grown in light/dark cycles. II. Phased PO₄- limited cultures. Journal of Phycology 12: 217-222, 5 figs.
Chisholm, S.W. & Stross, R.G. (1976). Phosphate uptake kinetics in Euglena gracilis (Z) (Euglenophyceae) grown on light/dark cycles. I. Synchronized batch cultures. Journal of Phycology 12: 210-217, 8 figs, 1 table.
Chisholm, S.W., Stross, R.G. & Nobbs, P.A. (1975). Light/dark-phased cell division in Euglena gracilis (Z) (Euglenophyceae) in PO₄- limited continuous culture. Journal of Phycology 11: 367-373, 7 figs.
Codd, G.A., Stewart, W.D.P. & Lord, J.M. (1975). Immunological comparison of ribulose-1, 5-diphosphate carboxylase from Euglena gracilis, Chlorella fusca and blue-green algae. British Phycological Journal 10: 310.
Cogburn, J.N. & Schiff, J.A. (1984). Purification and properties of the mucus of Euglena gracilis (Euglenophyceae). Journal of Phycology 20: 533-544, 8 figs, 2 tables.
Cramer, M. & Myers, J. (1952). Growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Euglena gracilis. Archiv für Mikrobiol. 17: 384-402.
Fiol, D.F. & Salerno, G.L. (2005). Trehalose synthesis in Euglena gracilis (Euglenophyceae) occurs though and enzyme complex. Journal of Phycology 41: 812-818.
García-Ferris, C., de los Rios, A., Ascaso, C. & Moreno, J. (1996). Correlated biochemical and ultrastructural changes in nitrogen-starved Euglena gracilis. Journal of Phycology 32: 953-963, 8 figs, 1 table.
Gibbs, S.P. (1960). The fine structure of Euglena gracilis with special reference to the chloroplasts and pyrenoids. J. Ultrastruc. Res. 4: 127-148.
Gomez, M.P., Harris, J.B. & Walne, P.L. (1974). Studies of Euglena gracilis in ageing cultures. I. Light microscopy and cytochemistry. British Phycological Journal 9: 163-174, 17 figs.
Gomez, M.P., Harris, J.B. & Walne, P.L. (1974). Studies of Euglena gracilis in ageing cultures. II. Ultrastructure. British Phycological Journal 9: 175-193, 34 figs, 1 table.
Guttman, H.N. (1971). Internal details of Euglena gracilis visualized by scanning electron microscopy. Science 171: 290-292.
Huxtable, D.M. & Hyams, J.S. (1982). Euglenoid movement characterized by video light microscopy in Euglena gracilis. British Phycological Journal 17: 234.
Leedale, G.F. & Buetow, D.E. (1976). Observations on cytolysome formation and toher cytological phenomena in carbon-starved Euglena gracilis. J. Microscopie Biol. Cell. 25: 149-154.
Leedale, G.F. (1970). Observations on the mitochondrial reticulum in living Euglena gracilis. Cytobiologie 1: 195-202.
Leedale, G.F. (1975). Preliminary observationson nuclear cytology and ultrastructure in carbon-starved streptomycin-bleached Euglena gracilis. Coll. Internat. C. N. R. S. 240: 285-290.
Lefort, M. (1963). Étude comparitive de certains mutants dépigmentés chez l'Euglena gracilis et chez d'autres Algues. Compte Rendu Hebdomadaire des Séances de lAcadémie des Sciences. Paris. Série D 256: 5190-5192.
Lefort, M. (1964). Modifications du chondriome dans le cellules étiolées de l'Euglena gracilis (Klebs). Compte Rendu Hebdomadaire des Séances de lAcadémie des Sciences. Paris. 258: 4318-4321.
Lida, K. & Kajiwara, M. (2008). Carbon source dependence of the ratio of -aminolevulinic acid biosynthesis via the C5 and shemin pathways in Euglena Gracilis (Euglenophyceae). Journal of Phycology 44: 292-298.
Lida, K. & Kajiwara, M. (2008). Carbon source dependence of the ratio of delta-aminolevulinic acid biosynthesis via the C5 and shemin pathways in Euglena Gracilis (Euglenophyceae). Journal of Phycology 44: 292-298.
Mandeville, S.E., Crespi, H.L. & Katz, J.J. (1964). Fully deuterated Euglena gracilis. Science 146: 769-770.
Melkonian, M. & Robenek, H. (1982). Flagellar membrane specializations and their relationship to mastigonemes and microtubules in Euglena gracilis. British Phycological Journal 17: 236.
Moriber, L.G., Hershenov, B., Aaronson, S. & Bensky, B. (1963). Teratological chloroplast structures in Euglena gracilis permanently bleached by exogenous physical and chemical agents. Journal of Protozoology 10: 80-86.
Orcival-Lafont, A.-M. & Calvayrac, R. (1974). Le plastidome chez Euglena gracilis Z. Journal of Phycology 10: 300-307, 5 figs, 1 table.
Pellegrini, M. & Pellegrini, L. (1976). Continuité mitchondriale et discontinuité plastidiales chez l' Euglena gracilis Z.. Compte Rendu Hebdomadaire des Séances de lAcadémie des Sciences. Paris. Série D 282: 357-360.
Pigott, G.H. & Carr, N.G. (1972). Homology between nucleic acids of blue-green algae and chloroplasts of Euglena gracilis. Science 175: 1259-1261.
Rocchetta, I., Leonardi, P.I., Amado Filho, G.M., Del Carmen Ríos de Molina, M. & Conforti, V. (2007). Ultrastructure and X-ray microanalysis of Euglena gracilis (Euglenophyta) under chromium stress. Phycologia 46(3): 300-306, 20 figs.
Ruiz, L.B., Rocchetta, L., dos Santos Ferreira, V. & Conforti, V. (2004). Isolation, culture and characterization of a new strain of Euglena gracilis. Phycological Research 52: 168-173.
Sperling Pagni, P.G., Walne, P.L. & Pagni, R.M. (1981). Of the occurrence of a-carotene in isolated stigmata of Euglena gracilis var. bacillaris. Phycologia 20: 431-434, 1 table.
Spiess, E. & Richter, G. (1966). Die Nucleinsäuren und gebleichter Zellen von Euglena gracilis. Archiv für Mikrobiologie 53: 195-207.
Tamponnet, C. & Edmunds, L.N., Jr (1990). Entrainment and phase-shifting of the circadian rhythm of cell division by calcium in synchronous cultures of the wild-type Z strain and of the ZC achlorophyllous mutant of Euglena gracilis. Plant Physiol 93: 425-431.
Triemer, R.E. (1980). Role of golgi apparatus in mucilage production and cyst formation in Euglena gracilis (Euglenophyceae). Journal of Phycology 16: 46-52, 14 figs.
Tsubo, Y. & Ueda, T. (1972). Chloroplast autonomy revealed by nutritionally controlled Euglena gracilis. Proceedings of the International Seaweed Symposium 7: 336-338.
Tsukada, S., Ehara, T., Sumida, S., Osafune, T. & Hase, E. (1986). Behaviour of proplastids and their nucleoids in dark-organotrophically grown cells of Euglena gracilis transferred to an inorganic medium. British Phycological Journal 21: 155-163, 10 figs.
Vogel, S.L., Frisch, H.L. & Gotham, I.J. (1978). Qualitative assay of dissolved amino acids and sugars excreted by Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Chlorophyceae) and Euglena gracilis (Euglenophyceae). Journal of Phycology 14: 403-406, 2 tables.
Wolken, J.J. & Shin, E. (1958). Photomotion in Euglena gracilis I. Photokinesis II. Phototaxis. Journal of Protozoology 5: 39-46.
Wolken, J.J. (1956). A molecular morphology of Euglena gracilis var. bacillaris. Journal of Protozoology 3: 211-221.