Phymatolithon calcareum (Pallas) W.H.Adey & D.L.McKibbin

Classification:
Empire Eukaryota
Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Rhodophyta
Subphylum Eurhodophytina
Class Florideophyceae
Subclass Corallinophycidae
Order Corallinales
Family Hapalidiaceae
Subfamily Melobesioideae
Genus Phymatolithon

Pictures

click on thumbnail for larger version.

Spain. Ignacio Bárbara. © Ignacio Bárbara (barbara@udc.es).

Roundstone, Co. Galway; with Butterfish (Pholis gunnellus). 24 Oct 2010. Louise Scally. © Louise Scally (lscally@biodiversityresearch.ie).

Trá an Dóiín, an Cheathrú Rua, Connemara; coral strand. 05 May 2008. Michael Guiry. © Michael Guiry (mike.guiry@nuigalway.ie).

Iles de Glenán, Brittany, France; collection of maerl for agricultural purposes. 10 Jun 1972. Gerald Blunden (gerald.blunden@port.ac.uk). © Gerald Blunden (gerald.blunden@port.ac.uk).

Iles de Glenán, Brittany, France; collection of maerl for agricultural purposes. Gerald Blunden (gerald.blunden@port.ac.uk). © Gerald Blunden (gerald.blunden@port.ac.uk).

Iles de Glenán, Brittany, France; collection of maerl for agricultural purposes. 10 Jun 1972. Gerald Blunden (gerald.blunden@port.ac.uk). © Gerald Blunden (gerald.blunden@port.ac.uk).

Iles de Glenán, Brittany, France; colelction of maerl for agricultural purposes. 10 Jun 1972. Gerald Blunden (gerald.blunden@port.ac.uk). © Gerald Blunden (gerald.blunden@port.ac.uk).

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32 Found - Displaying 1 through 10

Phymatolithon calcareum (Pallas) W.H.Adey & D.L.McKibbin Trá an Dóilín, an Cheathrú Rua, Conemara; cast fragments on a coral strand (beach); a popular diving place in the west of Ireland

Publication details
Phymatolithon calcareum (Pallas) W.H.Adey & D.L.McKibbin 1970: 100, fig. 1

Original publication: Adey, W.H. & McKibbin, D.L. (1970). Studies on the maerl species Phymatolithon calcareum (Pallas) nov. comb. and Lithothamnium corallioides Crouan in the Ria de Vigo. Botanica Marina 13: 100-106, 16 figs.

Type species
The type species (holotype) of the genus Phymatolithon is Phymatolithon polymorphum Foslie.

Status of name
This name is of an entity that is currently accepted taxonomically.

Basionym
Millepora calcarea Pallas

Type information
Neotype locality: Falmouth Harbour, Cornwall, England Neotype: W. F. Farnham; 11 Dec 1983; BM Box 1626. Isoneotypes: BM, LTB (Chamberlain & Irvine 1994: 212). Notes: Chamberlain & Irvine (1994) recommend consulting Woelkerling & Irvine (1986a: figs 1,15) for more information on the neotype of this species.

Origin of species name
Adjective (Latin), chalky, limy (Stearn 1973).

Homotypic Synonym(s)
Millepora calcarea Pallas 1766
Melobesia calcarea (Pallas) Harvey 1849
Spongites calcarea (Pallas) Kützing 1849
Lithothamnion calcareum (Pallas) Areschoug 1852
Lithophyllum calcareum (Pallas) Foslie 1898
Paraspora calcarea (Pallas) Heydrich 1908

Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Millepora polymorpha Linnaeus 1767
Apora polymorpha Gunnerus 1768
Melobesia compressa M'Calla 1849
Lithothamnion polymorphum (Linnaeus) Areschoug 1852
Phymatolithon polymorphum Foslie 1898
Eleutherospora polymorpha (Linnaeus) Heydrich 1900

General environment
This is a Marine species.

Common names

(as Phymatolithon calcareum (Pallas) W.H.Adey & D.L.McKibbin)
Breton: Maërl (Anon. 2000).

English: Maerl (Bunker et al. 2010).

Description
Fragile, reddish-violet, branched, calcareous fronds; branches 2-3 mm diam.; very variable in form and difficult to identify with certainty; commonest form resemble stag's horns of irregular diameter.

Habitat
Free-living in clear, clean water from 0-25 m, occasionally to 32 m, forming extensive beds of live and dead material, particularly where there are subtidal currents. It is the main constituent of maërl. Widely distributed, abundant. SW England (Cornwall), SW and W Ireland (notably Bantry Bay and Galway Bay), N to Shetland. In a few areas on the W coast of Ireland, beaches almost entirely composed of dead fragments of maërl are found; perhaps the best-known of these is Trá an Dóilín near An Chéathrú Rua (Carraroe) and several at Ballconeeley in Co. Galway.

Similar species
Lithothamnion corallioides

Distribution by country

Point data for Ireland and Britain

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Detailed distribution with sources
(as Lithothamnion calcareum (Pallas) Areschoug)
Ireland: Antrim (Johnson & Hensman 1896, Adams 1907), Cork (Lemoine 1913), Donegal (Lemoine 1913), Galway (Lemoine 1913), Kerry (Lemoine 1913), Mayo (Cotton 1912, Lemoine 1913).

Europe: Adriatic (Giaccone 1978, Ercegovic 1980), Balearic Islands (Lemoine 1915, Lemoine 1924, Bellón 1934), Britain (Newton 1931), France (Feldmann 1939, Feldmann 1954), Greece (Gerloff & Geissler 1974, Athanasiadis 1987), Ireland (Anonymous 1898, Adams 1907, Cotton 1912), Italy (Giaccone 1969), Spain (Miranda 1934).

Atlantic Islands: Madeira (Levring 1974).

South America: Chile (Ramírez & Santelices 1991).

Australia and New Zealand: New Zealand (Chapman & Parkinson 1974 ).

Antarctic and the subantarctic islands: Fuegia (Papenfuss 1964).

(as Lithothamnion polymorphum (Linnaeus) Areschoug)
Ireland: Galway (Anonymous 1898), Mayo (Cotton 1912, Lemoine 1913).

Europe: Balearic Islands (Rodríguez y Femenías 1889, Navarro & Bellón 1945), Britain (Newton 1931), France (Feldmann 1954), Ireland (Cotton 1912), Portugal (Ardré 1970), Spain (Lázaro Ibiza 1889), Sweden (Kylin 1944).

South America: Brazil (Taylor 1930 , Oliveira Filho 1977, Creed et al. 2010).

Africa: Ethiopia (Papenfuss 1968), Sudan (Papenfuss 1968).

Antarctic and the subantarctic islands: Fuegia (Papenfuss 1964).

(as Phymatolithon polymorphum Foslie)
Arctic: Canada (Arctic) (Lee 1980).

Ireland: Cork (Guiry 1978), Down (Guiry 1978), Dublin (Guiry 1978), Galway (Foslie 1899, Guiry 1978), Waterford (Guiry 1977, Guiry 1978).

Europe: Adriatic (Munda 1979), Balearic Islands (Ribera Siguán & Gómez Garreta 1984), Britain (Newton 1931), Corsica (Boudouresque & Perret 1977), Faroe Islands (Irvine 1982), Greece (Gerloff & Geissler 1974), Ireland (Guiry 1977, Guiry 1978), Spain (Ballesteros & Romero 1982, Gallardo et al. 1985), Spitsbergen (Vinogradova 1995), Sweden (Kylin 1907).

Atlantic Islands: Iceland (Caram & Jónsson 1972).

South America: Chile (Ramírez & Santelices 1991).

Africa: Tunisia (Ben Maiz, Boudouresque & Quahchi 1987).

Asia: Japan (Okamura 1936).

(as Phymatolithon calcareum (Pallas) W.H.Adey & D.L.McKibbin)
Ireland: Antrim (Morton 1994), Clare (De Valéra et al. 1979), Donegal (Morton 2003), Down (Morton 1994), Galway (Guiry 1978).

Europe: Adriatic (Babbini & Bressan 1997), Balearic Islands (Ribera Siguán 1983, Ribera Siguán & Gómez Garreta 1984, Babbini & Bressan 1997), Baltic Sea (Nielsen et al. 1995), Britain (Irvine & Chamberlain 1994, Hardy & Guiry 2003), Corsica (Boudouresque & Perret 1977, Babbini & Bressan 1997), France (Babbini & Bressan 1997, Dizerbo & Herpe 2007, Anon. 2012), Greece (Athanasiadis 1987, Babbini & Bressan 1997), Helgoland (Bartsch & Kuhlenkamp 2000), Ireland (Guiry 1978, De Valéra et al. 1979, Morton 1994, Irvine & Chamberlain 1994, Blake & Maggs 2003, Guiry 2012), Isla de Alborán (Conde & Flores Moya 2000), Italy (Cecere et al. 1996, Babbini & Bressan 1997, Babbini & Bressan 1997, Babbini & Bressan 1997, Furnari, Cormaci & Serio 1999, Rindi, Sartoni & Cinelli 2002, Furnari et al. 2003), Netherlands (Stegenga & Mol 1983), Norway (Rueness 1997), Sardinia (Babbini & Bressan 1997, Furnari et al. 2003), Scandinavia (Athanasiadis 1996), Spain (Ballesteros & Romero 1982, Gallardo et al. 1985, Ramos Esplá 1985, Conde et al. 1996, Babbini & Bressan 1997, Valenzuela Miranda 2002, Peña & Bárbara 2004, Bárbara et al. 2004, Pérez-Cirera 2004, Bárbara et al. 2005, Bárbara et al. 2006, Peña & Bárbara 2006, Pena & Bárbara 2008, Peña & Bárbara 2008), Spitsbergen (Vinogradova 1995).

Atlantic Islands: Ascension (John et al. 2004), Azores (Rosas-Alquicira et al. 2009), Canary Islands (Gil-Rodríguez & Afonso-Carrillo 1980, Lawson et al. 1995, Haroun et al. 2002, Gil-Rodríguez et al. 2003, John et al. 2004, Anon 2011), Madeira (Neto, Cravo & Haroun 2001, John et al. 2004).

North America: Alaska (Konar et al 2006).

Western Atlantic: Trop. & Subtrop. W. Atlantic (Wynne 2011).

South America: Brazil (Creed et al. 2010), Colombia (Díaz-Pulido & Díaz-Ruíz 2003).

Africa: Algeria (Babbini & Bressan 1997), Mauritania (John et al. 2004), Mediterranean Sea (Altamirano et al. 2010), Morocco (Babbini & Bressan 1997), Tunisia (Ben Maiz, Boudouresque & Quahchi 1987, Babbini & Bressan 1997).

South-west Asia: Levant states (Babbini & Bressan 1997).

Asia: Russia (Perestenko 1994).

South-east Asia: Philippines (Silva, Meñez & Moe 1987).

Taxonomic notes
John et al. (2004) cite Lithophyllum calcareum (J. Pall.) Aresch. as a synonym of this species.

Key references
Blake, C. & Maggs, C.A. (2003). Comparative growth rates and internal banding periodicity of maerl species (Corallinales, Rhodophyta) from northern Europe. Phycologia 42: 606-612.

Braune, W. (2008). Meeresalgen. Ein Farbbildführer zu den verbreiteten benthischen Grün- Braun- und Rotalgen der Weltmeere. pp. [1]-596, pls 1-266 (colour photographs). Ruggell: A.R.G. Gantner Verlag.

Bressan, G. & Babbini, L. (2003). Biodiversità marina delle coste Italiane: Corallinales del Mar Mediterraneo: guida all deteminazione. Biologia Marina Mediterranea 10(Suppl. 2): 1-237.

Klochkova, N.G., Korolyova, T.N. & Kusidi, A.E. (2009). [Atlas of marine algae of Kamchatka and surrounding areas. Vol. 2. Red seaweeds]. pp. 1-301. Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky: KamchatNIRO Press.

Konar, B., Riosmena-Rodriguez, R. & Iken, K. (2006). Rhodolith bed: a newly discovered habitat in the North Pacific Ocean. Botanica Marina 49: 355-359.

Rodríguez-Prieto, C., Ballesteros, E., Boisset, F. & Afonso-Carrillo, J. (2013). Guía de las macroalgas y fanerógamas marinas del Mediterráneo occidental. pp. [1]-656. Barcelona: Ediciones Omega, S.A..

Woelkerling, W.J. (1998). Lamarck's nullipores. In: Non-geniculate Coralline Red Algae and the Paris Muséum: Systematics and Scientific History. (Woelkerling, W.J. & Lamy, D. Eds), pp. 101-404. Paris: Publications Scientifiques du Muséum/A.D.A.C.

Wynne, M.J. (2005). A check-list of benthic marine algae of the tropical and subtropical western Atlantic: second revision. Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia 129: 1-152.

SAG Cultures
SAG Cultures may be viewed at http://sagdb.uni-goettingen.de/showstrains.php?genus=Phymatolithon&species=calcareum

SCCAP Cultures
Cultures from the Scandinavian Culture Collection of Algae at the University of Copenhagen (SCCAP) and Protozoa may be viewed at http://www.sccap.dk/search/algaebase.asp?Genus=Phymatolithon&Species=calcareum

NCBI Nucleotide Sequences

Created: 30 March 1996 by M.D. Guiry

Verified by: 07 May 2013 by M.D. Guiry

Accesses: This record has been accessed by users 19805 times since it was created.

References
(Please note: only references with the binomials in the title are included. The information is from the Literature database.)

Adey, W.H. & McKibbin, D.L. (1970). Studies on the maerl species Phymatolithon calcareum (Pallas) nov. comb. and Lithothamnium corallioides Crouan in the Ria de Vigo. Botanica Marina 13: 100-106, 16 figs.
Bohm, L., Schramm, W., Rabsch, U. (1978). Ecological and physiological aspects of some coralline algae from the Western Baltic. Calcium uptake and skeleton formation in Phymatolithon calcareum. Kieler Meeresforschungen 4: 282-288.
Mendoza, M.L. & Cabioch, J. (1998). Étude comparée de la reproduction de Phymatolithon calcareum (Pallas) Adey & McKibbin et Lithothamnion corallioides (P. & H. Crouan) P. & H. Crouan (Corallinales, Rhodophyta), et reconsidérations sur la définition des genres. Canadian Journal of Botany 76: 1433-1445.
Peña, V. & Bárbara, I. (2004). Diferenciación morfológica y anatómica entre Lithothamnion corallioides y Phymatolithon calcareum (Corallinales, Rhodophyta) en dos bancos de maërl de la Ría de Arousa (N.O. Península Ibérica). Anales de Biología 26: 21-27.

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Citing AlgaeBase
Cite this record as:
M.D. Guiry in Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 2013. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org; searched on 19 May 2013.

Algaebase taxon LSID: urn:lsid:algaebase.org:taxname:77509