Fucus spiralis Linnaeus

Classification:
Empire Eukaryota
Kingdom Chromista
Subkingdom Chromobiota
Infrakingdom Heterokonta
Phylum Heterokontophycophyta
Class Phaeophyceae
Order Fucales
Family Fucaceae
Genus Fucus

Pictures:

click on thumbnail for larger version.

Silver Strand, Co. Galway, Ireland; fisheye lens; numerous receptacles with sterile margin. 01 Sep 2007. Michael Guiry. © Michael Guiry.

Kilkee, Co. Clare, Ireland; upper-shore rock platforms. Plants to about 50 mm long. 25 Mar 2005. Michael Guiry. © Michael Guiry.

Ártabra, A Coruña, Galicia, Spain, 2008. Ignacio Bárbara. © Ignacio Bárbara.

middle intertidial, Spain, Galicia, Ría de Coruña, 2007. Ignacio Bárbara. © Ignacio Bárbara.

Ría de A Coruña, Galicia, Spain, 2008. Ignacio Bárbara. © Ignacio Bárbara.

Bay of Fundy, New Brunswick, Canada. Colin Bates. © Coastal Imageworks.

Commercial preparation: section of receptacle showing conceptacles lined with antheridiophores bearing antheridia. 11 Aug 2009. Michael Guiry. © Michael Guiry.

Salthill, Co. Galway; with extensive sterile rin on the conceptacles. 11 Jun 2010. M.D. Guiry. © M.D. Guiry.

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Fucus spiralis Linnaeus Fucus spiralis Cuan, Ventry Harbour, Co. Kerry, Ireland

Publication details
Fucus spiralis Linnaeus 1753: 1159

Original publication: Linnaeus, C. (1753). Species plantarum, exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas. Vol. 2 pp. [i], 561-1200, [1-30, index], [i, err.]. Holmiae [Stockholm]: Impensis Laurentii Salvii.
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Type species
The type species (lectotype) of the genus Fucus is Fucus vesiculosus Linnaeus.

Status of name
This name is of an entity that is currently accepted taxonomically.

Origin of species name
Adjective (Latin), spiral (Stearn 1973).

Homotypic Synonym(s)
Fucus sherardi f. spiralis (Linnaeus) Areschoug 1868

Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Fucus vesiculosus var. spiralis (Linnaeus) C.Agardh 1810
Fucus spiralis var. limitaneus Montagne 1856
Fucus limitaneus (Montagne) Montagne 1856
Fucus platycarpus f. nana Schousboe ex Bornet 1878
Fucus spiralis f. borealis Kjellman 1883
Fucus areschougii Kjellman 1890
Fucus areschougii f. nanus Kjellman 1890
Fucus areschougii var. borealis (Kjellman) Kjellman 1890
Fucus spiralis f. nanus (Kjellman) Batters 1902
Fucus spiralis var. nanus (Stackhouse) Batters 1902
Fucus spiralis var. typicus Børgesen 1902
Fucus platycarpus var. limitaneus (Montagne) Sauvageau 1908
Fucus spiralis var. nanus (Kjellman) S.M.Baker & Bohling 1916
Fucus spiralis f. limitaneus (Montagne) Børgesen 1926
Fucus spiralis var. [platycarpus] f. limitaneus (Montagne) Miranda 1931
Fucus spiralis f. arenicola Hamel 1939

General environment
This is a Marine species.

Common names

(as Fucus spiralis Linnaeus)
English: Spiral Wrack (Dickinson 1963).

Type information
Type locality: "in Oceano" [Atlantic Ocean] (Linnaeus 1753: 1159). Lectotype: OXF Herb. Sherard (Powell 1960: 17). Notes: "However, in Species Plantarum the diagnosis for F. spiralis is followed by several references to earlier publications, and Linnaeus quotes as a synonym an entity named as "Fucus spiralis maritimum major" in Edition 3 of the Synonpsis of John Ray (1724). The plants on which this entity is based are in Herb. Sherard at Oxford, and I have established that they are true F. spiralis as at present understood; these plants can be used as an acceptable basis for the species Fucus spiralis L." (Powell 1960: 17).

Detailed distribution with sources
(as Fucus spiralis Linnaeus)
Ireland: Antrim (Guiry 1978, Morton 1994), Clare (Guiry 1978, De Valéra & Cooke 1979), Cork (Renouf 1931, Cullinane 1971, Cullinane, McCarthy & Fletcher 1975, Guiry 1978), Derry (Guiry 1978, Morton 1994), Donegal (Guiry 1978, Morton 2003), Down (Morton 1974, Hazlett & Seed 1976, Guiry 1978, Morton 1994), Dublin (Guiry 1978), Galway (Guiry 1978), Kerry (Guiry 1978), Louth (Synnott 1969, Guiry 1978), Mayo (Cotton 1912, Guiry 1978), Waterford (Guiry 1977, Guiry 1978), Wexford (Tighe 1803, Cotton 1913, Parkes & Scannell 1969, Norton 1970, Guiry 1978).

Europe: Baltic Sea (Nielsen et al. 1995), Belgium (Coppejans 1995), Britain (Newton 1931, Hardy & Guiry 2003, Perrin et al. 2007), Faroes (Irvine 1982, Nielsen & Gunnarsson 2001), France (Feldmann 1954, Coppejans 1995, Billard et al. 2005, Billard et al 2006, Cerantola et al 2006, Dizerbo & Herpe 2007, Loiseaux-de Goër & Noailles 2008), Helgoland (Bartsch & Kuhlenkamp 2000), Ireland (Cotton 1912, Cotton 1913, Cullinane 1971, Guiry 1977, Guiry 1978, De Valéra et al. 1979, Morton 1994), Netherlands (Stegenga & Mol 1983), Norway (Rueness 1997), Portugal (De Mesquita Rodrigues 1963, Ardré 1970, Billard et al 2006, Perrin et al. 2007, Araujo et al. 2009, Araújo, Bárbara & Sousa-Pinto in press), Scandinavia (Athanasiadis 1996), Spain (Lázaro Ibiza 1889, Sauvageau 1897, Sauvageau 1913, Hamel & Feldmann 1928, Hamel 1928, Miranda 1931, Fischer-Piette 1955, Seoane-Camba 1957, Ardré 1957, Fischer-Piette 1959, Fischer-Piette, C. & Seoane Camba, J. (1962), Seoane-Camba 1965, Pérez-Cirera & Maldonado 1982, Conde & Seoane 1982, Fernández & Niell 1982, Anadón 1983, Gallardo et al. 1985, Pérez-Cirera 1989, Ribera et al. 1992, Granja, Cremades & Barbara 1992, Flores-Moya et al. 1995, Bárbara & Cremades 1996, Veiga, Cremades & Bárbara 1998, Calvo, Bárbara & Cremades 1999, Veiga Villar 1999, Calvo & Bárbara 2002, Peña & Bárbara 2002, Gorostiaga et al., 2004, Bárbara et al. 2005, Lobón et al. 2008, de los Santos, Pérez-Lloréns & Vergara 2009), Sweden (Kylin 1947).

Atlantic Islands: Azores (Neto 1994, Tittley & Neto 1994), Canary Islands (Price, John & Lawson 1978, Gil-Rodríguez & Afonso-Carrillo 1980, Viera-Rodriguez et al. 1985, Campos et al. 1987, Alfonso-Carrillo et al. 1988, Guadalupe et al. 1995, Reyes & Sansón 1999, Haroun et al. 2002, Gil-Rodríguez et al. 2003, John et al. 2004).

North America: Alaska (Lindstrom 1977, Scagel et al. 1989), British Columbia (Scagel et al. 1989), Connecticut (Van Patten 2009), Maine (Mathieson et al. 2001, Wallace et al. 2004, Coleman & Brawley 2005, Mathieson et al 2006), Massachusetts (Mathieson et al 2006), New Hampshire (Mathieson & Hehre 1986, Mathieson & Dawes 2002, Wallace et al. 2004), New York (Taylor 1957), Newfoundland (Taylor 1957), Quebec (Taylor 1957), Washington (Scagel et al. 1989).

Africa: Morocco (Dangeard 1949, Gil-Rodriguez & Socorro Hernández 1986, Ribera et al. 1992), Western Sahara (Price, John & Lawson 1978).

(as Fucus vesiculosus var. spiralis (Linnaeus) C.Agardh)
Ireland: Wexford (Tighe 1803).

Europe: Ireland (Tighe 1803).

(as Fucus spiralis var. limitaneus Montagne)
North America: Rhode Island (Taylor 1957).

(as Fucus spiralis f. borealis Kjellman)
Europe: Scandinavia (Athanasiadis 1996).

(as Fucus areschougii Kjellman)
Europe: Sweden (Kylin 1907).

(as Fucus spiralis var. nanus (Kjellman) S.M.Baker & Bohling)
Ireland: Antrim (Morton 1994), Derry (Morton 1994), Down (Morton 1994), Mayo (Cotton 1912).

Europe: Britain (Newton 1931), Ireland (Cotton 1912, Morton 1994).

(as Fucus spiralis f. limitaneus (Montagne) Børgesen)
Europe: Portugal (De Mesquita Rodrigues 1963), Spain (Sauvageau 1897, Miranda 1931, Seoane-Camba 1965, Flores-Moya et al. 1995, Gorostiaga et al., 2004).

Atlantic Islands: Canary Islands (Børgesen 1926, Price, John & Lawson 1978).

(as Fucus spiralis var. [platycarpus] f. limitaneus (Montagne) Miranda)
Europe: Spain (Miranda 1931).

Taxonomic notes
Serrão, Alice & Brawley (1999) showed that Atlantic and Pacific populations of this species are conspecific.

Key references
Billard, E., Daguin, C., Pearson, G., Serrão, E., Engel C. & Valero M. (2005). Genetic isolation between three closely related taxa: Fucus vesiculosus, F. spiralis and F. ceranoides (Phaeophyceae). Journal of Phycology 41(4): 900-905.

Billard, E., Serrão, E.A., Pearson, G.A., Destombe, C. & Valero, M. (2010). Fucus vesiculosus and spiralis complex: a nested model of local adaptation at the shore level. Marine Ecology Progress Series 405: 163-174.

Billard, E., Serrao, E.A., Pearson, G.A., Engel, C.R., Destombe, C. & Valero, M. (2006). Analysis of sexual phenotype and prezygotic fertility in natural populations of Fucus spiralis, F. vesiculosus (Fucaceae, Phaeophyceae) and their putative hybrids. European Journal of Phycology 40(4): 397-407.

Braune, W. (2008). Meeresalgen. Ein Farbbildführer zu den verbreiteten benthischen Grün- Braun- und Rotalgen der Weltmeere. pp. [1]-596, 266 pls. Ruggell: A.R.G. Gantner Verlag.

Cerantola, S., Breton, F., Ar Gall, E. & Deslandes, E. (2006). Co-occurrence and antioxidant activities of fucol and fucophlorethol classes of polymeric phenols in Fucus spiralis. Botanica Marina 49: 347-351.

Coleman, M.A. & Brawley, S.H. (2005). Are life history characteristics good predictors of genetic diversity and structure? A case study of the intertidal alga Fucus spiralis (Heterokontophyta, Phaeophyceae). Journal of Phycology 41: 753-762.

Gabrielson, P.W., Widdowson, T.B. & Lindstrom, S.C. (2004). Keys to the seaweeds and seagrasses of Oregon and California. Phycological Contribution 6: iv + 181.

Loiseaux-de Goër, S. & Noailles, M.-C. (2008). Algues de Roscoff. pp. [1]-215, col. figs. Roscoff: Editions de la Station Biologique de Roscoff.

Mathieson, A.C., Dawes, C.J., Wallace, A.L. & Klein, A.S. (2006). Distribution, morphology, and genetic affinities of dwarf embedded Fucus populations from the Northwest Atlantic Ocean.. Botanica Marina 49: 283-303.

Perrin, C., Daguin, C., Van de Vliet, M., Engel, C.R., Pearson, G.A., & Serráo,E.A. (2007). Implications of mating system for genetic diversity of sister algal species: Fucus spiralis and Fucus vesiculosus (Heterokontophyta, Phaeophyceae). European Journal of Phycology 42: 219-230.

Powell, H.T. (1960). The typification of Fucus spiralis L. British Phycological Bulletin 2: 17.

Serrão, E.A., Alice, L.A. & Brawley, S.H. (1999). Evolution of the Fucaceae (Phaeophyceae) inferred from nrDNA-ITS. Journal of Phycology 35: 382-394, 5 figs, 4 tables.

Wallace, A.L., Klein, A.S. & Mathieson, A.C. (2004). Determining the affinities of salt marsh fucoids using microsatellite markers: evidence of hybridization and introgression between two species of Fucus (Phaeophyta) in a Maine estuary . Journal of Phycology 40: 1013-1027.

SAG Cultures
No records have been found on the SAG site.

NCBI Nucleotide Sequences
As of 2 June 2009, nucleotide sequence data are available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Genbank for 280 samples identified as Fucus spiralis.

Created: 31 March 1996 by M.D. Guiry

Verified by: 20 June 2010 by M.D. Guiry

Accesses: This record has been accessed by users 8134 times since it was created.

References
(Please note: only references with the binomials in the title are included. The information is from the Literature database.)

Afonso-Carrillo, J., Sanson, M., Gil-Rodríguez, M.C., Chacana, M. & Reyes, J. (1988). An endophytic Streblonema (Phaeophyta) associated with galls in Fucus spiralis (Phaeophyta) from the Canary Islands. Act. Sim. Int. Bot. Pius Font i Quer 1: 73-76.
Billard, E., Daguin, C., Pearson, G., Serrão, E., Engel C. & Valero M. (2005). Genetic isolation between three closely related taxa: Fucus vesiculosus, F. spiralis and F. ceranoides (Phaeophyceae). Journal of Phycology 41(4): 900-905.
Billard, E., Serrão, E.A., Pearson, G.A., Destombe, C. & Valero, M. (2010). Fucus vesiculosus and spiralis complex: a nested model of local adaptation at the shore level. Marine Ecology Progress Series 405: 163-174.
Billard, E., Serrao, E.A., Pearson, G.A., Engel, C.R., Destombe, C. & Valero, M. (2006). Analysis of sexual phenotype and prezygotic fertility in natural populations of Fucus spiralis, F. vesiculosus (Fucaceae, Phaeophyceae) and their putative hybrids. European Journal of Phycology 40(4): 397-407.
Bond, P.R., Brown, M.T., Moate, R.M., Gledhill, M., Hill, S.J. & Nimmo, M. (1999). Arrested development in Fucus spiralis (Phaeophyceae) germlings exposed to copper. European Journal of Phycology 34: 513-521, 24 figs, 1 table.
Børgesen, F. (1909). Fucus spiralis Linné or Fucus platycarpus Thuret: a question of nomenclature. Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany 39: 105-119, pl. 9.
Cerantola, S., Breton, F., Ar Gall, E. & Deslandes, E. (2006). Co-occurrence and antioxidant activities of fucol and fucophlorethol classes of polymeric phenols in Fucus spiralis. Botanica Marina 49: 347-351.
Chapman, A. R. O. (1990). Competitive interactions between Fucus spiralis L. and Fucus vesiculosus L. (Fucales, Phaeophyta). Proceedings of the International Seaweed Symposium 13: 205-209.
Chapman, A.R.O. (1989). Abundance of Fucus spiralis and ephemeral seaweeds in a high eulittoral zone: effects of grazers, canopy and substratum type. Marine Biology, Berlin 102: 565-572.
Coleman, M.A. & Brawley, S.H. (2005). Are life history characteristics good predictors of genetic diversity and structure? A case study of the intertidal alga Fucus spiralis (Heterokontophyta, Phaeophyceae). Journal of Phycology 41: 753-762.
Costas, E., Aguilera, A., González-Gil, S. & López-Rodas, V. (1994). Early development in Fucus spiralis: analysis of surface glycan moieties and cell differentiation using lectins. Botanica Marina 37: 11-15, 2 figs, 2 tables.
Fries, L. (1977). Growth regulating effects of phenylacetic acid and p -hydroxy-phenylacetic acid on Fucus spiralis L. (Phaeophyceae, Fucales) in axenic culture. Phycologia 16: 451-456.
Fries, L. (1984). Induction of plantlets in axenically cultivated rhizoids of Fucus spiralis. Canadian Journal of Botany 62: 1616-1620.
Fries, L. (1993). Vitamin B₁₂ heterotrophy in Fucus spiralis and Ascophyllum nodosum (fucales, Phaeophyta) in axenic cultures. Botanica Marina 36: 5-7, 2 tables.
Hallet, J.N., Guinel, F. & Lecocq, F-M. (1983). Variations de l'activité mitotique au cours d'un cycle journalier et évolution du contenu en DNA nucléaire dans les territoires meristématiques et différenciés du Fucus spiralis Linné (Fucales, Pheophyceae). Phycologia 22: 325-336, 8 figs, 4 tables.
Hazlett, A. & Seed, R. (1976). A study of Fucus spiralis and its associated fauna in Strangford Lough, Co. Down. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 76B: 607-618.
Hernández, I., Christmas, M., Yelloly, J.M. & Whitton, B.A. (1997). Factors affecting surface alkaline phosphatase activity in the brown alga Fucus spiralis at a North Sea intertidal site. Journal of Phycology 33: 569-575, 9 figs, 1 table.
Hurd, C.L. & Dring, M.J. (1988). Phosphate uptake by Fucus spiralis and Fucus serratus. British Phycological Journal 23: 290.
López Rodríguez, Mª.C. & Pérez-Cirera, J.L. (1995). Aportación al conocimiento de la influencia de la contaminación industrial en Fucus vesiculosus y Fucus spiralis en el N.O. de la Península Ibérica. Studia Botanica 13: 21-29.
López Rodríguez, Mª.C. & Pérez-Cirera, J.L. (1995). Estudio de la colonización y sucesión de la comunidad de Fucus spiralis L. (Fucaceae, Phaeophyta) en las cercanías de un colector de aguas residuales de la Ría de Pontevedra (N.O. de España). Nova Acta Cientifica Compostelana (Bioloxía) 5: 25-29.
Madsen, T.V. & Maberly, S.C. (1990). A comparison of air and water as environments for photosynthesis by the intertidal alga Fucus spiralis (Phaeophyta). Journal of Phycology 26: 24-30, 6 figs, 1 table.
Margalet, J.L., Almaraz, T., Navarro, M.J. & Pérez-Ruzafa, I.M. (1993). Mapas de distribución de algas marinas de la Península Ibérica. III. Fucus ceranoides L., F. serratus L., F. spiralis L. y F. vesiculosus L. (Fucales, Fucophyceae). Bot. Complutensis 18: 267-290.
Munda, I.M. (1986). Differences in heavy metal accumulation between vegetative parts of the thalli and receptacles in Fucus spiralis L.. Botanica Marina 29: 341-349.
Niell, F.X., Jiménez, C. & Fernández, J.A. (1987). The forms of Fucus spiralis L. in the Canary Islands: discriminant and canonical analysis applied to define a new form. Botanica Marina 30: 27-32.
Niemeck, R.A. & Mathieson, A.C. (1976). An ecological study of Fucus spiralis L. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 24: 33-48.
Norris, R.E. & Conway, E. (1974). Fucus spiralis L. in the northeast Pacific. Syesis 7: 79-81.
Pérez-Ruzafa, M. & Gallardo, T. (1997). Mapas de distribución de algas marinas de la Península Ibérica e Islas Baleares. X. Variedades de Fucus spiralis L. y de F. vesiculosus L. (Fucales, Fucophyceae). Botanica Complutensis 21: 121-136.
Perrin, C., Daguin, C., Van de Vliet, M., Engel, C.R., Pearson, G.A., & Serráo,E.A. (2007). Implications of mating system for genetic diversity of sister algal species: Fucus spiralis and Fucus vesiculosus (Heterokontophyta, Phaeophyceae). European Journal of Phycology 42: 219-230.
Powell, H.T. (1960). The typification of Fucus spiralis L. British Phycological Bulletin 2: 17.
Reyes, J. & Sansón, M. (1999). Estudio fenológico de dos poblaciones de Fucus spiralis en Tenerife, Islas Canarias (Fucales, Phaeophyta). Vieraea 27: 53-65.
Robertson, B.L. (1987). Reproductive ecology and canopy structure of Fucus spiralis L.. Botanica Marina 30: 475-482.
Sancholle, M. (1988). Présence de Fucus spiralis (Phaeophyceae) en Méditerranee occidentale. Cryptogamie, Algologie 9: 157-161, 1 photo.
Scott, G.W., Hull, S.L., Hornby, S.E., Hardy, F.G. & Owens, N.J.P. (2001). Phenotypic variation in Fucus spiralis (Phaeophyceae): morphology, chemical phenotype and their relationship to the environment. European Journal of Phycology 36: 43-50.
Topinka, J.A. & Robbins, J.V. (1976). Effects of nitrate and ammonium enrichment on growth and nitrogen physiology in Fucus spiralis. Limnology and Oceanography 21: 659-664.
Topinka, J.A. (1978). Nitrogen uptake by Fucus spiralis (Phaeophyceae). Journal of Phycology 14: 241-247, 6 figs, 2 tables.