Porphyra linearis Greville

Classification:
Empire Eukaryota
Kingdom Plantae
Subkingdom Biliphyta
Phylum Rhodophyta
Subphylum Eurhodophytina
Class Bangiophyceae
Subclass Bangiophycidae
Order Bangiales
Family Bangiaceae
Genus Porphyra

Pictures:

click on thumbnail for larger version.

Grattan Road, Salthill, Co. Galway, Ireland; on granite boulders at high water. 04 Mar 2004. Michael Guiry. © Michael Guiry.

Salthill, Co. Galway; winter zonation of plants at MHWN on artificial substrate. 21 Jan 2007. Michael Guiry. © Michael Guiry.

Salthill, Co. Galway; zonation of winter plants on artificial substrate at MHWN. 21 Jan 2007. Michael Guiry. © Michael Guiry.

Salthill, Co. Galway, Ireland; plants at MHWN. 21 Jan 2007. Michael Guiry. © Michael Guiry.

Kilkee, Co. Clare, Ireland; upper-shore rock. 25 Mar 2005. Michael Guiry. © Michael Guiry.

Spiddal, Co. Galway, Ireland; old plants on barnacles. 18 Apr 2002. Michael Guiry. © Michael Guiry.

upper intertidial, Spain, Galicia, Ría de Coruña, 1992. Ignacio Bárbara. © Ignacio Bárbara.

upper intertidal in exposed rocky, Spain, Galicia, A Coruña ría, Seixo Blanco, 1992. Ignacio Bárbara. © Ignacio Bárbara.

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Porphyra linearis Greville Salthill, Co. Galway; winter zonation of plants at MHWN on artificial substrate

Publication details
Porphyra linearis Greville 1830: 170, pl. 18

Original publication: Greville, R.K. (1830). Algae britannicae, or descriptions of the marine and other inarticulated plants of the British islands, belonging to the order Algae; with plates illustrative of the genera. pp. [i*-iii*], [i]-lxxxviii, [1]-218, pl. 1-19. Edinburgh & London: McLachlan & Stewart; Baldwin & Cradock.
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Type species
The type species (holotype) of the genus Porphyra is Porphyra purpurea (Roth) C.Agardh.

Status of name
This name is of an entity that is currently accepted taxonomically.

Origin of species name
Adjective (Latin), linear (Stearn 1973).

Homotypic Synonym(s)
Porphyra laciniata f. linearis (Greville) Kleen 1874
Phyllona linearis (Greville) Kuntze 1891
Wildemania linearis (Greville) De Toni 1897
Wildemania laciniata var. linearis (Greville) Malard ex Chalon 1905
Porphyra umbilicalis f. linearis (Greville) Rosenvinge 1909

Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Ulva purpurea var. elongata Lyngbye 1819
Porphyra hiemalis Kylin 1907

General environment
This is a Marine species.

Description
Delicate, linear, membranous, purple-brown fronds, 20-40 mm (-200) mm long and 5-10 (-25) mm broad, usually simple with short stipe from basal holdfast; orange patches when reproductive.

Habitat
Zone-forming on rock in the upper intertidal and splash zone of semi-exposed and exposed shores, generally distributed; a winter and spring annual appearing on semi-exposed and exposed shores in November and persisting until February or March.

Key characteristics
Winter occurrence; high-hore habitat; narrow strap-like fronds.

Type information
Type locality: Peakhead near Sidmouth, Devon, England Lectotype: R.K. Greville; Spring; E (Brodie & Irvine 2003: 124).

Detailed distribution with sources
(as Porphyra linearis Greville)
Ireland: Antrim (Hanna 1902, Adams 1907, Morton 1994), Clare (De Valéra et al. 1979), Cork (Cullinane 1971, Cullinane, McCarthy & Fletcher 1975), Derry (Morton 1994), Donegal (Morton 2003), Down (Morton 1994), Galway (Varela-Alvarez, Stengel & Guiry 2004, Varela-Álvarez et al. 2005), Kerry (Whelan & Cullinane 1979), Sligo (Cullinane 1970), Wexford (Parkes & Scannell 1969).

Europe: Adriatic (Giaccone 1978), Baltic Sea (Nielsen et al. 1995), Belgium (Coppejans 1995), Britain (Guiry 1997, Hardy & Guiry 2003), Faroes (Irvine 1982, Nielsen & Gunnarsson 2001), France (Feldmann 1939, Feldmann 1954, Coppejans 1995, Dizerbo & Herpe 2007), Greece (Athanasiadis 1987), Helgoland (Bartsch & Kuhlenkamp 2000), Iceland (Caram & Jónsson 1972), Ireland (Adams 1907, Cullinane 1971, Guiry 1978, De Valéra et al. 1979, Morton 1994), Italy (Furnari, Cormaci & Serio 1999), Netherlands (Stegenga & Mol 1983), Norway (Rueness 1997), Portugal (Ardré 1970, Araujo et al. 2009, Araújo, Bárbara & Sousa-Pinto in press), Scandinavia (Athanasiadis 1996), Spain (Ballesteros 1981, Ballesteros & Romero 1982, Pérez-Cirera & Maldonado 1982, Fernández & Niell 1982, Rodriguez Prieto & Polo Alberti 1988, Granja, Cremades & Barbara 1992, Bárbara & Cremades 1996, Veiga, Cremades & Bárbara 1998, Peña & Bárbara 2002, Gorostiaga et al., 2004, Bárbara et al. 2005, Bárbara et al. 2005, Diaz-Tapia & Bárbara 2005, Esteban et al. 2009), Sweden (Kylin 1907, Kylin 1944).

North America: Alaska (Lindstrom 1977), Maine (Mathieson et al. 2001, Klein et al. 2003, Varela-Álvarez et al. 2005, Teasdale et al. 2009), New Brunswick (Bates et al. 2005), New Hampshire (Mathieson & Hehre 1986), Nova Scotia (Müller et al. 2005).

Africa: Egypt (Aleem 1993).

(as Porphyra hiemalis Kylin)
Europe: Sweden (Kylin 1907).

(as Porphyra umbilicalis f. linearis (Greville) Rosenvinge)
Europe: Italy (Giaccone 1969), Spain (Miranda 1931, Seoane-Camba 1965).

North America: Newfoundland (Taylor 1957), Quebec (Taylor 1957).

Taxonomic notes
According to Guiry (1997) this species requires taxonomic reinvestigation.

Key references
Bates, C.R., Saunders, G.W. & Chopin, T. (2005). An assessment of two taxonomic distinctness indices for detecting seaweed assemblage responses to environmental stress. Botanica Marina 48: 231-243.

Klein, A.S, Mathieson, A.C., Neefus, C.D., Cain, D.C., Taylor, H.A., Teasdale, B.W., West, A.L., Hehre, E.J., Brodie, J., Yarish, C. & Wallace, A.L. (2003). Identification of north-western Atlantic Porphyra (Bangiaceae, Bangiales) based on sequence variation in nuclear SSU and plastid rbcL genes. Phycologia 42: 109-122, 3 figs, 5 tables.

Müller, K.M., Cannone, J.J. & Sheath, R.G. (2005). A molecular phylogenetic analysis of the Bangiales (Rhodophyta) and description of a new genus and species, Pseudobangia kaycoleia. Phycologia 44: 146-155.

Teasdale, B.W., West, A., Klein, A.S. & Mathieson, A.C. (2009). Distribution and evolution of variable group-I introns in the small ribosomal subunit of North Atlantic Porphyra (Bangiales, Rhodophyta). European Journal of Phycology 44(2): 171-182, 3 figs, 5 tables.

Varela-Alvarez, E., Stengel, D.B. & Guiry, M.D. (2004). The use of image processing in assessing conchocelis growth and conchospore production in Porphyra linearis. Phycologia 43: 282-287.

Varela-Alvarez, E., Stengel, D.B. & Guiry, M.D. (2007). Seasonal growth and phenotypic variation in Porphyra linearis (Rhodophyta) populations on the west coast of Ireland. Journal of Phycology 43: 90-100.

Varela-Álvarez, E., Stengel, D.B., Rindi, F. & Guiry, M.D. (2005). Alternation of nuclear phases and chromosome numbers in Porphyra linearis (Bangiales, Rhodophyta) from western Ireland and Maine, USA. Phycologia 44: 61-65.

Yoshida, T., Notoya, M., Kikuchi, N. & Miyata, M. (1997). Catalogue of species of Porphyra in the world, with special reference to the type locality and bibliography. Nat. Hist. Res. Special Issue No. 3: 5-18, 4 figs.

CCAP Cultures
CCAP Strain Number 1379/1 Porphyra linearis Greville
Go to CCAP Site

NCBI Nucleotide Sequences

Created: 31 March 1996 by M.D. Guiry

Verified by: 04 March 2010 by Wendy Guiry

Accesses: This record has been accessed by users 4749 times since it was created.

References
(Please note: only references with the binomials in the title are included. The information is from the Literature database.)

Alvarez, E.V., Guiry, M.D. & Kelly, B. (1999). Cultivo, genética y fenología de Porphyra linearis Greville, candidata para la futura industria del Nori en Europa. In: Algas. Boletín Informativo de la Sociedad Española de Ficologia. (Bárbara Criado, I. Eds) Vol.21, pp. 5-9. Madrid: Universidad Complutense de Madrid.
Bird, C.J. (1973). Aspects of the life history and ecology of Porphyra linearis (Bangiales, Rhodophyceae) in nature. Canadian Journal of Botany 51: 2371-2379.
Bird, C.J., Chen, L.C.-M. & McLachlan, J. (1972). The culture of Porphyra linearis (Bangiales, Rhodophyceae). Canadian Journal of Botany 50: 1859-1863.
Chen, L.C.-M. & McCacken, I. (1993). An antibiotic protocol for preparing axenic cell cultures of Porphyra linearis. Botanica Marina 36: 29-33, 1 fig, 1 table.
Chen, L.C.-M. (1989). Cell suspension culture from Porphyra linearis (Rhodophyta) a multicellular marine red alga. J Appl Phycol 1: 153-159.
Israel, A., Katz, S., Dubinsky, Z., Merrill, J.E. & Friedlander, M. (1999). Photosynthetic inorganic carbon utilization and growth of Porphyra linearis (Rhodophyta). Journal of Applied Phycology 11: 447-453.
Katz, S., Dubinsky, Z., Rothmann, C., Malik, Z. & Friedlander, M. (1997). Single-cell pigmentation of Porphyra linearis analyzed by Fourier transform multi-pixel spectroscopy and image analysis. Journal of Phycology 33: 425-432, 7 figs, 2 tables.
Lipkin, Y., Beer, S. & Eshel, A. (1993). The ability of Porphyra linearis (Rhodophyta) to tolerate prolonged periods of desiccation. Botanica Marina 36: 517-523, 6 figs.
Magne, F. (1952). La structure du noyau et le cycle nucléaire chez le Porphyra linearis Greville. Compte Rendu Hebdomadaire des Séances de lAcadémie des Sciences. Paris. 234: 986-988.
McLachlan, J., Craigie, J.S., Chen, L.C.-M. & Ogata, E. (1972). Porphyra linearis Grev. - An edible species of nori from Nova Scotia. Proceedings of the seventh International Seaweed Symposium Sapporo, Japan, August 8-12. 1971 7: 473-476.
Varela-Alvarez, E., Stengel, D.B. & Guiry, M.D. (2004). The use of image processing in assessing conchocelis growth and conchospore production in Porphyra linearis. Phycologia 43: 282-287.
Varela-Alvarez, E., Stengel, D.B. & Guiry, M.D. (2007). Seasonal growth and phenotypic variation in Porphyra linearis (Rhodophyta) populations on the west coast of Ireland. Journal of Phycology 43: 90-100.
Varela-Álvarez, E., Stengel, D.B., Rindi, F. & Guiry, M.D. (2005). Alternation of nuclear phases and chromosome numbers in Porphyra linearis (Bangiales, Rhodophyta) from western Ireland and Maine, USA. Phycologia 44: 61-65.